Vitexin (VTX), a C-glycosylated flavone found in various medicinal herbs, is known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. This study investigated the protective effects of VTX against orofacial dyskinesia (OD) in rats, induced by haloperidol (HPD), along with the neuroprotective mechanisms underlying these effects. OD was induced by administering HPD (1 mg/kg i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRotenone (RTN) induces neurotoxicity and motor dysfunction in rats, mirroring the pathophysiological traits of Parkinson's disease (PD), including striatal oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and changes in neural structure. This makes RTN a valuable model for PD research. Berberine (BBR), an isoquinoline alkaloid recognized for its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties, was evaluated for its ability to counteract RTN-induced impairments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWith its pathophysiological characteristics strongly similar to patients with tardive dyskinesia (TD), haloperidol (HP)-induced neurotoxicity and orofacial dyskinesia (OD) in animal models have long been used to study human TD. This study aimed to explore the potential protective effects of betaine (BT), a vital biochemical compound present in plants, microorganisms, animals, and various dietary sources. The study focused on investigating the impact of BT on haloperidol (HP)-induced orofacial dyskinesia (OD) in rats, as well as the underlying neuroprotective mechanisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFL-theanine (LT), which is a major amino acid found in green tea, was shown to alleviate Vincristine (VCR)-induced peripheral neuropathy and associated neuronal functional changes in rats. To induce peripheral neuropathy, rats were administered VCR at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally on days 1-5 and 8-12, while control rats received LT at doses of 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally for 21 days or saline solution. Electrophysiological measurements were taken to evaluate the nerve functional loss and recovery through motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRotenone (RO)-induced neurotoxicity exhibits pathophysiological features similar to those reported in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), such as nitrosative and oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neural cytoarchitecture alterations in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc)/striatum (ST), which has been used for decades as an animal model of PD in humans. -Theanine (LT), a major amino acid component of green tea, exhibits potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and protects against various neural injuries. We investigated the potential therapeutic effects of LT on RO-induced behavioral and neurochemical dysfunction in rats and the neuroprotective mechanisms underlying these effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCholinergic transmission underlies higher brain functions such as cognition and movement. To elucidate the process whereby acetylcholine (ACh) release is maintained and regulated in the central nervous system, uptake of [ H]choline and subsequent synthesis and release of [ H]ACh were investigated in rat striatal segments. Incubation with [ H]choline elicited efficient uptake via high-affinity choline transporter-1, resulting in accumulation of [ H]choline and [ H]ACh.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground/purpose: We investigated the protective efficacy of -theanine (LT), the major amino acid components of green tea, on chronic constriction injury (CCI) of sciatic nerve-induced neuropathic pain (NP) development and neuronal functional changes in rats.
Methods: Rats with NP induced by CCI of the left sciatic nerve and sham-operated rats received LT or saline solution, with pain sensitive tests of thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. Motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities were measured after surgery.
Animal models of haloperidol (HAL)-induced neurotoxicity and orofacial dyskinesia (OD) have long been used to study human tardive dyskinesia (TD). Similar to patients with TD, these models show strong pathophysiological characteristics such as striatal oxidative stress and neural cytoarchitecture alteration. Naringin (NAR), a bioflavonoid commonly found in citrus fruits, has potent antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and neuroprotective properties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground/purpose: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating medical condition for which no effective pharmacological interventions exist. l-Theanine (LT), a major amino acid component of green tea, exhibits potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities and protects against various neural injuries. Here, we evaluated the potential therapeutic effects of LT on the recovery of behavioral motor functions after SCI in rats and the underlying neuroprotective mechanisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRotenone (ROT)-induced neurotoxicity has been used for decades as an animal model of Parkinson's disease (PD) in humans. This model exhibits pathophysiological features similar to those reported in patients with PD, namely, striatal nitrosative and oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neural cytoarchitecture alteration. (-)Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant and potent green tea catechin, has notable anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHaving powerful antioxidative properties, L-theanine (LT), one of the major amino acid components in green tea, has potent anti-oxidative and neuroprotective effects. In this study, we examined the potential protective effects of LT on haloperidol (HAL)-induced orofacial dyskinesia (OD) in rats. HAL treatment (1 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 21 days) induced OD; significant increases (P < 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReserpine (RES)-induced orofacial dyskinesia (OD) has been used as an animal model for human tardive dyskinesia (TD) for decades, due to its strong pathophysiological association with striatal oxidative stress and neural cytoarchitecture alteration. -Theanine (LT), one of the major amino acid components in green tea, has potent antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. In this study, we examined the potential protective effects of LT on RES-induced behavioral and neurochemical dysfunction in rats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTardive dyskinesia (TD) is a severe side effect of chronic neuroleptic treatment consisting of abnormal involuntary movements, characterized by orofacial dyskinesia (OD). Haloperidol (HAL)- induced OD has been widely used as an animal model to study the neuropathophysiology of human TD with its pathophysiology strongly associated with striatal oxidative stress. L-Theanine (LT), one of the major amino acid components in green tea, has potent antioxidative effects and is able to protect against various oxidative injuries.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNausea and vomiting are probably the most unpleasant side effects that occur when morphine used. A number of studies have investigated the effect on pain relief of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in morphine's metabolism, distribution, binding, and cellular action. The mechanism through which morphine causes nausea and vomiting has not been elucidated clearly.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn antidepressant carrier, mesoporous hydroxyapatite olanzapine (mesoHAP-OLZ), was designed to maintain 3weeks of constant medication release. The carrier was intramuscularly (IM) injected, where cellular activity played a role in achieving the goal of constant release. The efficiency of the treatment was evaluated from 3 perspectives in in vivo studies: locomotor activities, biomarkers, and learning and memory ability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReserpine (RES) has been reported to increase the brain's neural oxidative stress and cause cognitive dysfunction. Having powerful antioxidative properties, green tea catechins, especially (-)epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), are able to protect against many oxidative injuries. In this study, we examined the protecting properties of EGCG on RES-induced impairment of short-term memory in three-month-old male Wistar rats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn antidepressant carrier was designed to maintain over 2 weeks of constant medication release. The carrier was injected into muscle, where cellular activity was employed to achieve the goal of constant release. Mesoporous hydroxyapatite (mesoHAP) was synthesized into an adequate size by a coprecipitation method; it then went through a series of hydrophobic surface modifications for olanzapine (OLZ) loading by physical absorption to produce mesoHAP-OLZ.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReserpine has been confirmed to induce cognitive dysfunction and increase brain neural oxidative stress. Green tea catechins, particularly (-)epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), have strong antioxidative properties and can protect against numerous oxidative damages. In this study, we examined the possible protective effects of EGCG on reserpine-induced impairment of short-term memory in rats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStress induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and causes alterations in brain cytoarchitecture and cognition. Green tea has potent antioxidative properties especially the tea catechin (-) epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). These powerful antioxidative properties are able to protect against various oxidative damages.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReserpine-induced orofacial dyskinesia (OD) has been used for decades as an animal model for human tardive dyskinesia (TD) because both of them have pathophysiology strongly associated with striatal oxidative stress. Green tea catechins, especially (-) epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), have potent antioxidative effects and are able to protect against various oxidative injuries. In this study, we examined the potential protective effects of EGCG on reserpine-induced behavioral and neurochemical dysfunction in rats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOxidative stress induced by hypertension has been reported to cause alterations in neural cytoarchitecture and cognitive dysfunction. Green tea catechins, especially (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), have potent antioxidative properties and protect against various oxidative damages. In this study, we examined the impact of hypertension in rats on locomotor activity, learning, and memory, and EGCG was tested for its potential therapeutic effects in treating hypertension-induced impairment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Placenta accreta is associated with significant maternal morbidity and is the leading indication for peripartum hysterectomy. In our institution, occlusion balloon catheters are commonly placed in bilateral common iliac arteries in order to reduce blood loss and facilitate surgery in patients with this obstetric complication. Few studies, however, have evaluated the effect of different anesthetic methods for cesarean hysterectomy on neonatal outcome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Conventional, intermittent, epidural morphine is widely applied as a post-Cesarean delivery analgesia. We compared the analgesic efficacy, motor weakness, and side effects of administering a patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) of pure ropivacaine versus the intermittent administration of epidural morphine after Cesarean delivery.
Materials And Methods: This randomized, double-blind study included 120 full-term parturients who underwent elective Cesarean delivery and received either PCEA with pure ropivacaine or an intermittent bolus epidural of 2 mg/10 mL morphine in normal saline twice per day.
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum of rats were evaluated by a radioligand binding assay, employing tissue segments, or homogenates as materials. [(3)H]-epibatidine specifically bound to nAChRs in rat cortex or cerebellum, but the dissociation constants for [(3)H]-epibatidine differed between segments and homogenates (187 pM for segments and 42 pM for homogenates in the cortex and 160 pM for segments and 84 pM for homogenates in the cerebellum). The abundance of total nAChRs was approximately 310 fmol/mg protein in the segments of cortex and 170 fmol/mg protein in the segments of cerebellum, which were significantly higher than those estimated in the homogenates (115 fmol/mg protein in the homogenates of the cortex and 76 fmol/mg protein in the homogenates of the cerebellum).
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