3D Imaging Reveals Complex Microvascular Remodeling in the Right Ventricle in Pulmonary Hypertension.

Background: Pathogenic concepts of right ventricular (RV) failure in pulmonary arterial hypertension focus on a critical loss of microvasculature. However, the methods underpinning prior studies did not take into account the 3-dimensional (3D) aspects of cardiac tissue, making accurate quantification difficult. We applied deep-tissue imaging to the pressure-overloaded RV to uncover the 3D properties of the microvascular network and determine whether deficient microvascular adaptation contributes to RV failure.

Circular RNAs: emerging players in asthma and COPD.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) belong to a unique class of endogenously expressed non-protein-coding RNAs with a distinct circularized structure, characterized by the absence of 5'-cap and 3'-polyadenylate ends. They are generally formed through back-splicing from pre-mRNAs. They serve as regulators of transcription and splicing, and act as sponges for microRNAs (miRNAs) and RNA-binding proteins, thereby modulating the expression of target genes.

Emerging role of long non-coding RNA MALAT1 related signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of lung disease.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are endogenously expressed RNAs longer than 200 nt that are not translated into proteins. In general, lncRNAs bind to mRNA, miRNA, DNA, and proteins and regulate gene expression at various cellular and molecular levels, including epigenetics, transcription, post-transcription, translation, and post-translation. LncRNAs play important roles in many biological processes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell metabolism, angiogenesis, migration, endothelial dysfunction, endothelial-mesenchymal transition, regulation of cell cycle, and cellular differentiation, and have become an important topic of study in genetic research in health and disease due to their close link with the development of various diseases.

The emerging diagnostic and therapeutic roles of small nucleolar RNAs in lung diseases.

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are non-coding RNA molecules that range from 60 to 300 nucleotides in length and are primarily located in the nucleoli of cells. They play a critical role in modifying ribosomal RNA and can also regulate alternative splicing and posttranscriptional modification of mRNA. Alterations in snoRNA expression can affect numerous cellular processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, fibrosis, and inflammation, making them a promising target for diagnostics and treatment of various human pathologies.

Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a debilitating condition of the pulmonary circulatory system that occurs in patients of all ages and if untreated, eventually leads to right heart failure and death. Despite existing medical treatment options that improve survival and quality of life, the disease remains incurable. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapies to treat this disease.

Improving Right Ventricular Function by Increasing BMP Signaling with FK506.

Right ventricular (RV) function is the predominant determinant of survival in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In preclinical models, pharmacological activation of BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) signaling with FK506 (tacrolimus) improved RV function by decreasing RV afterload. FK506 therapy further stabilized three patients with end-stage PAH.

Targeted proteomics of right heart adaptation to pulmonary arterial hypertension.

No prior proteomic screening study has centred on the right ventricle (RV) in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This study investigates the circulating proteomic profile associated with right heart maladaptive phenotype (RHMP) in PAH.Plasma proteomic profiling was performed using multiplex immunoassay in 121 (discovery cohort) and 76 (validation cohort) PAH patients.

Airway Rupture Caused by Double-Lumen Tubes: A Review of 187 Cases.

The double-lumen tubes (DLTs) are the most widely used devices to provide perioperative lung isolation. Airway rupture is a rare but life-threatening complication of DLTs. The primary aim of this review was to collect all cases reported in the literature about airway rupture caused by DLTs and to describe the reported possible contributors, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of this complication.

Bioresponsive Nanomedicine: The Next Step of Deadliest Cancers' Theranostics.

Among all cancers, lung, breast, and prostate carcinoma are the three most fatal cancers. Although general therapeutic strategies and existent nanomedicine have been applied in relating cancer treatments, the side effects and potential damage induced by the off-target effect greatly lower the therapeutic efficiency. Recently, an increasing number of bioresponsive nanomaterials is recruited in fighting these deadliest cancers.

Circular RNA CDR1-AS contributes to pemetrexed and cisplatin chemoresistance through EGFR/PI3K signaling pathway in lung adenocarcinoma.

Recent studies found circRNAs were involved in tumorigenesis and became new tumor biomarkers and therapeutic targets in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), which played a critical role in various biological processes and had been implicated in resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. However, the role of CDR1-AS in chemoresistance of LUAD to pemetrexed (PTX) and cisplatin (CDDP) is poorly understood. Here, we found that CDR1-AS was up-regulated in LUAD tissues and cell lines, its high-expression was relevant to smoking history, T stage and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (PTX and CDDP) of LUAD patients.

Delineating the molecular and histological events that govern right ventricular recovery using a novel mouse model of pulmonary artery de-banding.

Aims: The temporal sequence of events underlying functional right ventricular (RV) recovery after improvement of pulmonary hypertension-associated pressure overload is unknown. We sought to establish a novel mouse model of gradual RV recovery from pressure overload and use it to delineate RV reverse-remodelling events.

Methods And Results: Surgical pulmonary artery banding (PAB) around a 26-G needle induced RV dysfunction with increased RV pressures, reduced exercise capacity and caused liver congestion, hypertrophic, fibrotic, and vascular myocardial remodelling within 5 weeks of chronic RV pressure overload in mice.

Pleomorphic lipoma in the anterior mediastinum: A case report.

Background: Pleomorphic lipoma (PL) is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor occurring predominantly in middle-aged and elderly men. It is typically found in the subcutaneous tissue of the posterior neck, back, and shoulders. There have also been a few reported cases in the face, scalp, and upper extremities.

Influence of thoracic drainage fluid on proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and drug resistance in lung cancer cell lines.

Background: This study aimed to clarify the effect of thoracic drainage fluid (DF) on lung cancer cells in vitro.

Methods: We assessed the influence of DF on the proliferation and migration of lung cancer cells (LTEP-a-2 and A549) using the MTT cell proliferation assay and scratch wound assay. Cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometric analysis.

Predicting the Size of a Left Double-Lumen Tube for Asian Women Based on the Combination of the Diameters of the Cricoid Ring and Left Main Bronchus: A Randomized, Prospective, Controlled Trial.

Background: There are limited data about how to choose the correct size of a double-lumen tube (DLT). It is especially difficult to select an appropriate DLT for Asian women because of their small stature. The primary aim of this study was to compare the overall accuracy of the DLT selected based on the combination of transverse diameter of cricoid ring and the equivalent diameter of the left main bronchus (ED-LMB) with that based on the ED-LMB alone for Asian women.

The long noncoding RNA ANRIL acts as an oncogene and contributes to paclitaxel resistance of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a family of non-protein-coding RNAs that might affect Lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) chemo-resistance and most of them could be used as biomarkers and therapy targets. However, the potential function of lncRNA ANRIL contributed paclitaxel chemo-resistance in LAD is still unknown. This study aimed to observe the expression of ANRIL in LAD, evaluate its biological role in the resistance of LAD cells to paclitaxel and explore the apoptosis role in the ANRIL associated mechanism.

The expression of and its inhibitory effect on cell biological behavior in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: is a Ras-related maternally imprinted tumor suppressor gene. Loss of expression contributes to the malignant progression of various tumors. However, reports on the clinical implications and functional role of expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are limited.

Elevated fibrous sheath interacting protein 1 levels are associated with poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer patients.

In this study, we examined the expression and prognostic value of fibrous sheath interacting protein 1 (FSIP1) in 202 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who underwent lung cancer resection at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University. FSIP1 mRNA and protein expression were measured in NSCLC tissues and non-tumor adjacent tissues (NATs), and Harrell's concordance index (c-index) was used to evaluate the ability of FSIP1 to predict prognosis. FSIP1 mRNA and protein expression was higher in NSCLC tissues than in NATs.