Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals heterogeneity of ALI model and epithelial cell alterations after exposure to electronic cigarette aerosol.

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been advertised as a healthier alternative to traditional cigarettes; however, their exact effects on the bronchial epithelium are poorly understood. Air-liquid interface culture human bronchial epithelium (ALI-HBE) contains various cell types, including basal cell, ciliated cell and secretory cell, providing an model that simulates the biological characteristics of normal bronchial epithelium. Multiplex single-cell RNA sequencing of ALI-HBE was used to reveal previously unrecognized transcriptional heterogeneity within the human bronchial epithelium and cell type-specific responses to acute exposure to e-cigarette aerosol (e-aerosol) containing distinct components (nicotine and/or flavoring).

Accelerated approvals: Early-phase success or premature authorization?

We compare the clinical trial success rates of products receiving US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) accelerated approval (AA) to those approved without using this pathway. Our findings raise important questions about how the AA pathway can best optimize early access to therapeutics that are ultimately proven safe and effective.

Greenhouse gas emission and denitrification kinetics of woodchip bioreactors treating onsite wastewater.

The accurate evaluation of denitrification rate and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission in field-scale woodchip bioreactors for onsite wastewater treatment are problematic due to inevitably varied environmental conditions and underestimated GHG production with limited analysis of dissolved gas in field samples. To address these problems, batch incubation experiments were conducted with controlled conditions to precisely evaluate the denitrification kinetics and NO and CH emission of both gaseous and dissolved phases in fresh (6 months) and aged (5 years) woodchip bioreactors treating onsite wastewater at high (1-3 mg L) and no (0 mg L) dissolved oxygen (DO) levels. NO removal rate decreased from 37.

Chitinase and Deacetylase-Based Chitin-Degrading Bacteria: One-Pot Cascade Bioconversion of Chitin to Chitooligosaccharides.

Cascade conversion of chitin into soluble and functional chitooligosaccharides has gained great attention. However, the biotransformation route is still limited to the low catalytic performances of chitin deacetylases (CDAs) and complicated procedures. In this study, a CDA from sp.

Pectolinarigenin alleviates calcium oxalate-induced renal inflammation and oxidative stress by binding to HIF-1α.

Calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals are the main constituents of renal crystals in humans and induce tubular lumen damage in renal tubules, leading to renal calcium deposition and kidney stone formation. Oxidative stress and inflammation play important roles in regulating calcium oxalate-induced injury. Here, we evaluated the efficacy in inhibiting oxidation and inflammation of pectinolinarigenin, a biologically active natural metabolite, in CaOx nephrocalcinosis and further explored its targets of action.

Revisiting the Role of Dissolved Silicate in Catalyzing the Hydrogen Peroxide Process with Iron-Bearing Minerals.

Injecting HO into aquifers is a widely used chemical oxidation (ISCO) technology for groundwater remediation. Dissolved silicate was reported to decrease the reactivity of iron (Ⅲ)-bearing minerals toward HO. In this study, the effect of naturally occurring levels of dissolved silicate (≤1 mM) on the catalyzing hydrogen peroxide (CHP) with Fe(II) minerals is revaluated, and new observations that contradict with previous studies are reported.

Reconstructing the biological invasion of noxious invasive weed and invasion risk assessment in China.

Invasive alien plants (IAPs) present a severe threat to native ecosystems and biodiversity. Comprehending the potential distribution patterns of these plant invaders and their responses to climate change is essential. , native to the Americas, has become an aggressively invasive species since its introduction to China in the 1930s.

Dual anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin and berberine on acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice by inhibiting NF-κB activation via PI3K/AKT and PPARγ signaling pathways.

Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is still a leading cause of drug-induced liver injury (DILI), accompanied with severe inflammatory response. However, the therapy for APAP-induced DILI is rather limited. The combined application of natural products to treat DILI induced by APAP may be a new direction of the research.

Distinct Olfactory Bulb-Cortex Neural Circuits Coordinate Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease.

Cognitive dysfunction stands as a prevalent and consequential non-motor manifestation in Parkinson's disease (PD). Although dysfunction of the olfactory system has been recognized as an important predictor of cognitive decline, the exact mechanism by which aberrant olfactory circuits contribute to cognitive dysfunction in PD is unclear. Here, we provide the first evidence for abnormal functional connectivity across olfactory bulb (OB) and piriform cortex (PC) or entorhinal cortex (EC) by clinical fMRI, and dysfunction of neural coherence in the olfactory system in PD mice.

Unlocking Copper-Free Interfacial Asymmetric C-C Coupling for Ethylene Photosynthesis from CO and HO.

Solar-driven carbon dioxide (CO) reduction into C products such as ethylene represents an enticing route toward achieving carbon neutrality. However, due to sluggish electron transfer and intricate C-C coupling, it remains challenging to achieve highly efficient and selective ethylene production from CO and HO beyond capitalizing on Cu-based catalysts. Herein, we report a judicious design to attain asymmetric C-C coupling through interfacial defect-rendered tandem catalytic centers within a sulfur-vacancy-rich MoS/FeO photocatalyst sheet, enabling a robust CO photoreduction to ethylene without the need for copper, noble metals, and sacrificial agents.

Corrigendum: Dihydromyricetin improves growth performance, immunity, and intestinal functions in weaned pigs challenged by enterotoxigenic .

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.

Developing a nomogram to predict recurrent intussusception after pneumatic reduction of primary intussusception in children.

Backgroud: Intussusception is a common acute abdominal disease in children, often leading to acute ileus in infants and young children.

Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram for predicting recurrent intussusception in children within 48 h after pneumatic reduction of primary intussusception.

Methods: Clinical data of children with acute intussusception admitted to multiple hospitals from March 2019 to March 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.

Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of Multiple Nanoparticles Tends to Be Less Cooperative: A Computational Study.

The internalization of nanoparticles is of great significance for their biological applications. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is one of the main endocytic pathways. However, there is still a lack of a fundamental understanding regarding the internalization of multiple nanoparticles via CME.

Effect of coated-benzoic acid on growth performance, immunity, and intestinal functions in weaned pigs challenged by enterotoxigenic .

Introduction: Benzoic acid (BA) could be added to the diets of weaned pigs to prevent diarrhea due to its antibacterial function. However, BA may be absorbed or decomposed before it can reach the hindgut. This study was conducted to explore the effect of a novel coated benzoic acid (CBA) on growth performance, immunity, and intestinal barrier functions in weaned pigs upon enterotoxigenic (ETEC) challenge.