Generation of chimpanzee induced pluripotent stem cell lines for cross-species comparisons.

As humans' closest living relatives, chimpanzees offer valuable insights into human evolution. However, technical and ethical limitations hinder investigations into the molecular and cellular foundations that distinguish chimpanzee and human traits. Recently, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have emerged as a novel model for functional comparative studies and provided a non-invasive alternative for studying embryonic phenomena.

Possible Use of Non-purine Selective Xanthine Oxidoreductase Inhibitors for Prevention of Exercise-induced Acute Kidney Injury Associated with Renal Hypouricemia.

Exercise-induced acute kidney injury (EIAKI) is frequently complicated with renal hypouricemia (RHUC). In patients with RHUC, limiting anaerobic exercise can prevent EIAKI. However, it is challenging to reduce exercise intensity in athletes.

Evaluation of a quantitative PCR-based method for chimerism analysis of Japanese donor/recipient pairs.

Chimerism analysis is a surrogate indicator of graft rejection or relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Although short tandem repeat PCR (STR-PCR) is the usual method, limited sensitivity and technical variability are matters of concern. Quantitative PCR-based methods to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP-qPCR) are more sensitive, but their informativity and quantitative accuracy are highly variable.

Different Clinical Courses of Nephronophthisis in Dizygotic Twins.

Siblings with nephronophthisis occasionally show different clinical courses; however, the reasons for this remain unclear. We herein report cases of nephronophthisis in a pair of dizygotic twins with different clinical courses. The brother developed end-stage kidney disease at 17 years old; however, his sister did not show kidney insufficiency.

Relationship between oral intake level and oral health assessment tool scores in the convalescent ward.

Purpose: To examine the relationship between oral intake function and oral health status in convalescent inpatients.

Methods: Subjects were 222 patients admitted to a convalescent hospital between 1 January and 30 June 2018. Investigation items were age, sex, causative disease, body mass index, functional oral intake scale (FOIS), functional independence measure, occlusal contact, assistance with oral cleaning, and oral health assessment tool (OHAT) scores.

Prediction of oral intake recovery for inpatients with aspiration pneumonia by videoendoscopic evaluation using the Hyodo-Komagane score in Japan.

Objective: To verify the validity of the prediction of oral intake recovery for inpatients with aspiration pneumonia using the Hyodo-Komagane score.

Background: Patients admitted for treatment of aspiration pneumonia sometimes have difficulty in resuming oral intake due to decreased swallowing function. Predicting whether the swallowing function will recover enough to achieve oral ingestion at discharge is an important factor in developing a treatment strategy.

Time Course and Recovery of the Movements of Hyoid Bone and Thyroid Cartilage During Swallowing in a Patient With Sarcopenic Dysphagia.

Sarcopenia is known to adversely affect swallowing function. In this report, we describe the treatment progress of an older patient with dysphagia caused by sarcopenia and the analysis results from videofluorographic examination images. An 89-yr-old man who had been hospitalized for lumbar fracture experienced lower back pain and thus had his oral intake reduced.

Crystal structure of magnesium dichloride decahydrate determined by X-ray and neutron diffraction under high pressure.

Magnesium dichloride decahydrate (MgCl2·10H2O) and its deuterated counterpart (MgCl2·10D2O) are identified for the first time by in-situ powder synchrotron X-ray and spallation neutron diffraction. These substances are crystallized from a previously unidentified nanocrystalline compound, which originates from an amorphous state at low temperature. A combination of a recently developed autoindexing procedure and the charge-flipping method reveals that the crystal structure of MgCl2·10H2O consists of an ABCABC··· sequence of Mg(H2O)6 octahedra.

[Usefulness of bevacizumab combination chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer].

Bevacizumab combination chemotherapy prolongs progression-free survival but not overall survival in patients with advanced breast cancer. Here, we report our experience with bevacizumab plus paclitaxel treatment in our department. We believe that this regimen confers some benefit to a patient's quality of life.

[Case of a patient with inflammatory breast cancer who responded to preoperative chemotherapy with paclitaxel plus bevacizumab and could subsequently undergo surgery].

A 58-year-old woman observed swelling in her left breast a few weeks prior to presentation. Rigidity in the D area, breast warmth, swelling, and a peau d'orange appearance in the whole left breast was observed. She was diagnosed with inflammatory breast cancer (luminal A type) T4dN2M0, Stage IIIB.

[Effectiveness of eribulin chemotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the breast].

The patient was a 40-year-old woman who was aware of a tumor in her left breast that was gradually increasing in size. Ultrasonography revealed a hypoechoic mass with a skin cyst, approximately 3 cm in size, in the C area of the left breast. Core needle biopsy indicated estrogen receptor (ER) -negative, progesterone receptor (PR) -negative, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) -negative squamous cell carcinoma.

[Our experience of eribulin treatment in advanced breast cancer].

The clinical outcomes, including adverse events, in 40 advanced breast cancer patients treated with eribulin were analyzed to confirm the effectiveness and safety of this treatment. The objective response rate (ORR) in patients was 35.0%.

Intranodal lymphangiogenesis precedes development of lymph node metastasis and accelerates progression of gastric cancer.

Introduction: Peritumoral lymphangiogenesis is significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in various cancers. However, there are few reports concerning the role of intranodal lymphangiogenesis in lymphatic metastasis. The aim of this study was to examine the association of lymphangiogenesis in regional lymph nodes with the progression of gastric cancer.

Role of tumor-infiltrating CD11b+ antigen-presenting cells in the progression of gastric cancer.

Background: Tumor-infiltrating antigen-presenting cells (APCs), involving tumor-associated macrophages and tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells, play an important role in tumor immunity and immune escape. The aim of this study was to determine whether tumor infiltrating CD11b(+) APCs may affect tumor progression and clinical outcome.

Methods: The immunohistochemical analysis was used to evaluate the expression of CD11b, FOXP3, and CD8 in 214 gastric cancer tissues.

[Needle biopsy using a Monopty Biopsy Instrument for the accurate diagnosis of thyroid cancer].

Aspiration biopsy cytology (ABC) is commonly performed for the diagnosis of thyroid tumor. Because ABC may not provide sufficient tissue for pathological diagnosis, we performed needle biopsy using a Monopty Biopsy Instrument for the accurate diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Furthermore, it is difficult to safely perform a core needle biopsy (CNB) for the diagnosis of breast cancer in the thyroid gland region.

[Four cases of meningeal metastasis originating from breast cancer].

Carcinomatous meningitis due to breast cancer is comparatively rare in Japan. Here, we report 4 cases of carcinomatous meningitis due to breast cancer. Meningeal metastasis was present in only 1 of the 4 cases, and the other 3 cases were associated with brain metastasis.

[Day surgery of early breast cancer treated with breast-conserving operation following sentinel lymph node navigation biopsy under local anesthesia].

In the early stages of breast cancer when axillary lymph node dissection is avoidable, we performed same day surgery with a breast-conserving operation following sentinel lymph node navigation biopsy under local anesthesia. Initial sentinel lymph node biopsy under local anesthesia is performed to avoid false-negative sentinel lymph node metastasis. Resected sentinel lymph nodes were examined in fixed sections by hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry.

Serum aminotransferase activity as a predictor of clearance of drugs metabolized by CYP isoforms in rats with acute hepatic failure induced by carbon tetrachloride.

The values of serum aminotransferase activity (AST) in untreated rats and rats with acute hepatic failure at 24h after an oral administration of CCl(4) (0.5 ml/kg) were 85+/-9 IU/l and 4260+/-620 IU/l (mean+/-S.D.