Ssa1-targeted antibody prevents host invasion by .

Introduction: is a commensal fungus that colonizes most healthy individuals' skin and mucosal surfaces but can also cause life-threatening invasive infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Despite antifungal treatment availability, drug resistance is increasing, and mortality rates remain unacceptably high. Heat shock protein Ssa1, a conserved member of the Hsp70 family in yeast, is a novel invasin that binds to host cell cadherins, induces host cell endocytosis, and enables to cause maximal damage to host cells and induces disseminated and oropharyngeal disease.

Evaluation of the Activity and Efficacy of Anidulafungin-Loaded Human Serum Albumin Nanoparticles Against .

Recent decades have seen a significant increase in invasive fungal infections, resulting in unacceptably high mortality rates. Anidulafungin (AN) is the newest echinocandin and appears to have several advantages over existing antifungals. However, its poor water solubility and burdensome route of administration (i.

Preventing from subverting host plasminogen for invasive infection treatment.

is a common fungal pathogen in humans that colonizes the skin and mucosal surfaces of the majority healthy individuals. How disseminates into the bloodstream and causes life-threatening systemic infections in immunocompromised patients remains unclear. Plasminogen system activation can degrade a variety of structural proteins and is involved in several homeostatic processes.

Dectin-1 Facilitates IL-18 Production for the Generation of Protective Antibodies Against .

Invasive candidiasis (IC) is one of the leading causes of death among immunocompromised patients. Because of limited effective therapy treatment options, prevention of IC through vaccine is an appealing strategy. However, how to induce the generation of direct candidacidal antibodies in host remains unclear.

Turning weakness into strength: Albumin nanoparticle-redirected amphotericin B biodistribution for reducing nephrotoxicity and enhancing antifungal activity.

As the gold standard treatment for invasive fungal infection, amphotericin B (AmB) is limited by its severe nephrotoxicity. It has been shown that AmB complex with albumin in vivo forms a sub-10 nm nanocomplex within kidney excretion size range and eventually induces the nephrotoxicity. This study presents an approach to take advantage of the "weakness" of such unique interaction between AmB and albumin to form AmB nanocomplex beyond the size range of kidney excretion.

The critical role of Dectin-1 in host controlling systemic infection.

There are increasing invasive fungal infections associated with non-albicans, which causes mortal infections in immune deficiency population. is a major non-albicans that exhibits intrinsic resistance to fluconazole and makes clinical treatment difficult. Previous studies revealed that C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) Dectin-1 plays critical roles in host defense against infections.

Dectin-1 plays an important role in host defense against systemic Candida glabrata infection.

Candida glabrata is the second most common pathogen of severe candidiasis in immunocompromised hosts, following C. albicans. Although C.

Bst1 is required for Candida albicans infecting host via facilitating cell wall anchorage of Glycosylphosphatidyl inositol anchored proteins.

Glycosylphosphatidyl inositol anchored proteins (GPI-APs) on fungal cell wall are essential for invasive infections. While the function of inositol deacylation of GPI-APs in mammalian cells has been previously characterized the impact of inositol deacylation in fungi and implications to host infection remains largely unexplored. Herein we describe our identification of BST1, an inositol deacylase of GPI-Aps in Candida albicans, was critical for GPI-APs cell wall attachment and host infection.

Chemical constituents from the rhizome of Polygonum paleaceum and their antifungal activity.

A new compounds neopaleaceolactoside (1), along with nine known compounds phyllocoumarin (2), quercetin (3), quercitrin (4), quercetin-3-methyl ether (5), vincetoxicoside B (6), isoquercitrin (7), kaempferol (8), (-)-epicatechin (9), and chlorogenic acid (10), was isolated from Polygonum paleaceum Wall. Their chemical structures were established based on one-dimensional and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, mass spectrometry and by comparison with spectroscopic data reported. Some selected compounds were screened for their antifungal activity.

Mnn10 Maintains Pathogenicity in Candida albicans by Extending α-1,6-Mannose Backbone to Evade Host Dectin-1 Mediated Antifungal Immunity.

The cell wall is a dynamic structure that is important for the pathogenicity of Candida albicans. Mannan, which is located in the outermost layer of the cell wall, has been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of C. albicans, however, the molecular mechanism by which this occurs remains unclear.

Vaccination with Recombinant Non-transmembrane Domain of Protein Mannosyltransferase 4 Improves Survival during Murine Disseminated Candidiasis.

Candida albicans is the most common cause of invasive fungal infections in humans. The C. albicans cell wall proteins play an important role in crucial host-fungus interactions and might be ideal vaccine targets to induce protective immune response in host.

Probiotic BIFICO cocktail ameliorates Helicobacter pylori induced gastritis.

Aim: To determine the protective effect of triple viable probiotics on gastritis induced by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and elucidate the possible mechanisms of protection.

Methods: Colonization of BIFICO strains in the mouse stomach was determined by counting colony-forming units per gram of stomach tissue.

Synergistic antifungal activity of berberine derivative B-7b and fluconazole.

Our previous study demonstrated berberine (BBR) and fluconazole (FLC) used concomitantly exhibited a synergism against FLC-resistant Candida albicans in vitro. We also suggested BBR played a major antifungal role in the synergism of FLC and BBR, while FLC increased intracellular BBR concentrations. Our following systematic structural modification and reconstruction of BBR core identified the novel scaffold of N-(2-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)ethyl)-2-(substituted phenyl)acet-amide derivatives 7a-i, including B-7b and B-7d exhibiting remarkable synergistic antifungal activity and low cytotoxicity.

Abolishing Cell Wall Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Proteins in Candida albicans Enhances Recognition by Host Dectin-1.

Fungi can shield surface pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) for evading host immune attack. The most common and opportunistic human pathogen, Candida albicans, can shield β-(1 3)-glucan on the cell wall, one of the major PAMPs, to avoid host phagocyte Dectin-1 recognition. The way to interfere in the shielding process for more effective antifungal defense is not well established.

Synergistic antifungal effect of glabridin and fluconazole.

The incidence of invasive fungal infections is increasing in recent years. The present study mainly investigated glabridin (Gla) alone and especially in combination with fluconazole (FLC) against Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida species (Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis and Candida Glabratas) by different methods. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) indicated that Gla possessed a broad-spectrum antifungal activity at relatively high concentrations.

Linezolid versus vancomycin for meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Linezolid is the first available oxazolidinone, possessing broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive bacteria and a favourable pharmacokinetic profile. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of linezolid with vancomycin, the gold-standard treatment, for meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-related infections. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) identified in PubMed, the Cochrane Library and Embase was performed.

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2, 3-dehydro-3-O-(3-aryl-E-prop-2-enyl)-10, 11-anhydroclarithromycin derivatives.

An allyl group was attached to 3-keto function of ketolides in the presence of allyl bromide and KOtBu. Consequently, the Heck reaction of the resulting 2, 3-dehydro-3-O-allyl-10, 11-anhydroclarithromycin derivatives, in the presence of palladium (II) acetate and tri(o-tolyl)phosphine, afforded a 3-O-(3-aryl-E-prop-2-enyl) sidechain, not the previously reported 3-O-(3-aryl-Z-prop-1-enyl) sidechain. The results suggested that some steric factors in β-hydrogen elimination might regulate the isomerization.

Incidence and risk of significantly raised blood pressure in cancer patients treated with bevacizumab: an updated meta-analysis.

Purpose: Bevacizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor. The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of the overall incidence and risk of significantly raised blood pressure in cancer patients who receive bevacizumab therapy.

Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) identified in PubMed, Cochrane library, Embase, and American Society of Clinical Oncology conferences.

Moxifloxacin monotherapy versus beta-lactam-based standard therapy for community-acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

The aim of this study was to compare more conclusively the efficacy and safety of moxifloxacin, a new respiratory fluoroquinolone antibiotic, with beta-lactam-based standard therapy, which has been reported to possess good efficacy for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) identified in PubMed, the Cochrane Library and Embase was performed. Seven RCTs, involving 3903 patients, were included in the meta-analysis.

Iron-Depletion prevents biofilm formation in Pseudomonas Aeruginosa through twitching mobility and quorum sensing.

Influence of iron-depletion on twitching motility and quorum sensing (QS) system in P. aeruginosa was evaluated. The results demonstrated iron-depletion can retard biofilm formation and increase the twitching motility and expression of QS-related genes, suggesting a potential interaction between twitching motility and QS system in P.

Ertapenem versus piperacillin/tazobactam for the treatment of complicated infections: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Ertapenem, a new carbapenem with a favorable pharmacokinetic profile, has been approved for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal Infections (cIAIs), acute pelvic infections (APIs) and complicated skin and skin-structure infections (cSSSIs). The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of ertapenem with piperacillin/tazobactam, which has been reported to possess good efficacy for the treatment of these complicated infections.

Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials identified in PubMed, Cochrane library and Embase that compared the efficacy and safety of ertapenem with piperacillin/tazobactam for the treatment of complicated infections including cIAIs, APIs, cSSSIs.

The addition of tocilizumab to DMARD therapy for rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Purpose: Tocilizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to the interleukin-6 receptor. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding tocilizumab to disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) identified in PubMed, Cochrane library, and Embase.