Donor germ-line variants associate with outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes.

Overall survival probability for MDS patients who underwent allo-HCT and were matched to donors that are wild-type (red) and heterozygous (blue) for the rs111224634 SNP.

Relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and structural inequalities within the pediatric trauma population.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted social, political, and economic life across the world, shining a light on the vulnerability of many communities. The objective of this study was to assess injury patterns before and after implementation of stay-at-home orders (SHOs) between White children and children of color and across varying levels of vulnerability based upon children's home residence.

Methods: A multi-institutional retrospective study was conducted evaluating patients < 18 years with traumatic injuries.

Location of Treatment Among Infants Requiring Complex Surgical Care.

Introduction: Rural children have worse health outcomes compared to urban children. One mechanism for this finding may be decreased access to specialized care at children's hospitals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hospital types where complex surgical care in infants is performed nationally.

Characteristics and neighborhood-level opportunity of assault-injured children in Milwaukee.

Background: Multiple studies have explored demographic characteristics and social determinants of health in relation to the risk of pediatric assault-related injuries and reinjury. However, few have explored protective factors. The Child Opportunity Index (COI) uses neighborhood-level indicators to measure 'opportunity' based on factors such as education, social environment, and economic resources.

Evaluating the Regional Differences in Pediatric Injury Patterns During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Introduction: Reports of pediatric injury patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic are conflicting and lack the granularity to explore differences across regions. We hypothesized there would be considerable variation in injury patterns across pediatric trauma centers in the United States.

Materials And Methods: A multicenter, retrospective study evaluating patients <18 y old with traumatic injuries meeting National Trauma Data Bank criteria was performed.

Distribution of acute appendicitis care in children: A statewide assessment of the surgeons and facilities providing surgical care.

Background: Pediatric appendicitis is managed by general and pediatric surgeons at both children's hospitals and non-children's hospitals. A statewide assessment of surgeons and facilities providing appendicitis care was performed to identify factors associated with location of surgical care.

Methods: Children aged <18 years undergoing appendectomy for appendicitis in Wisconsin from 2018-2020 were identified through the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, and Current Procedural Terminology codes using Wisconsin Hospital Association data.

Pediatric Injury Transfer Patterns During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Interrupted time Series Analysis.

Introduction: With the expected surge of adult patients with COVID-19, the Children's Hospital Association recommended a tiered approach to divert children to pediatric centers. Our objective was understanding changes in interfacility transfer to Pediatric Trauma Centers (PTCs) during the first 6 mo of the pandemic.

Methods: Children aged < 18 y injured between January 1, 2016 and September 30, 2020, who met National Trauma Databank inclusion criteria from 9 PTCs were included.

Pediatric injury trends and relationships with social vulnerability during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multi-institutional analysis.

Background: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric injury, particularly relative to a community's vulnerability, is unknown. The objective of this study was to describe the change in pediatric injury during the first 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with prior years, focusing on intentional injury relative to the social vulnerability index (SVI).

Methods: All patients younger than 18 years meeting inclusion criteria for the National Trauma Data Bank between January 1, 2016, and September 30, 2020, at nine Level I pediatric trauma centers were included.

A Multi-institutional Study Evaluating Pediatric Burn Injuries During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, children were out of school due to Stay-at-Home Orders. The objective of this study was to investigate how the COVID-19 pandemic may have impacted the incidence of burn injuries in children. Eight Level I Pediatric Trauma Centers participated in a retrospective study evaluating children <18 years old with traumatic injuries defined by the National Trauma Data Bank.

Utilization and Adequacy of Telemedicine for Outpatient Pediatric Surgical Care.

Introduction: Telemedicine (TM) use accelerated out of necessity during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the utility of TM within the pediatric surgery population is unclear. This study measured utilization, adequacy, and disparities in uptake of TM in pediatric surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Scheduled outpatient pediatric surgery clinic encounters at a large academic children's hospital from January 2020 through March 2021 were reviewed.

The COVID-19 pandemic and associated rise in pediatric firearm injuries: A multi-institutional study.

Background: Firearm sales in the United States (U.S.) markedly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Impact of "Stay-at-Home" orders on non-accidental trauma: A multi-institutional study.

Background: It is unclear how Stay-at-Home Orders (SHO) of the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the welfare of children and rates of non-accidental trauma (NAT). We hypothesized that NAT would initially decrease during the SHO as children did not have access to mandatory reporters, and then increase as physicians' offices and schools reopened.

Methods: A multicenter study evaluating patients <18 years with ICD-10 Diagnosis and/or External Cause of Injury codes meeting criteria for NAT.

The Decay of Disease Association with Declining Linkage Disequilibrium: A Fine Mapping Theorem.

Several important and fundamental aspects of disease genetics models have yet to be described. One such property is the relationship of disease association statistics at a marker site closely linked to a disease causing site. A complete description of this two-locus system is of particular importance to experimental efforts to fine map association signals for complex diseases.