Periodontal and Caries Status in Relation to Oral Health Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior of Medical and Dental Students in Taxila, Pakistan.

Background The importance of oral health in general well-being is widely acknowledged. It is expected that students belonging to dental and medical fields maintain a strong awareness of oral health and participate in public oral health awareness and initiatives, particularly in low-income nations such as Pakistan. Objectives The objective of the study was to assess the relation of periodontal status and dental caries status of medical and dental students in Taxila, Pakistan, with their oral health knowledge, attitude, and behavior.

Remineralization Effect of Bioactive Glass With and Without Fluoride and Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) on Artificial Dentine Caries: An In Vitro Study.

Background/objectives Dentine hypersensitivity (DH) is a common dental condition marked by transient, sharp pain arising from dentinal exposure. Bioactive materials are capable of remineralization. This study aims to explore the remineralization effect of bioactive glass (BAG) with and without fluoride and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), using dentine discs as the test substrate.

A Nationwide Survey Following the Devastating 2022 Floods in Pakistan: Current State of Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception Toward Climate Change and Its Health Consequences.

Background:  Climate change (CC) persists as a critical public health concern, vividly demonstrated by Pakistan's severe unprecedented flooding from June to October 2022. The interplay between floods and CC highlights the urgent need to comprehend their complex dynamics. Given Pakistan's significant geographical vulnerability to CC events, assessing public awareness of CC becomes essential.

Cavitary Hodgkin Lymphoma of the Lung.

It has been shown that some cases of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) may present with pulmonary parenchymal involvement usually in the form of multiple irregularly marginated pulmonary nodules. Other radiographic patterns such as consolidation, interstitial infiltrates, and cavitary lesions are less common. We present a case of HL, nodular sclerosis type, with pulmonary involvement presenting as a large cavitary consolidation and axillary and mediastinal lymphadenopathy.

Evaluating dye recovery and reusability potential from dyebath effluent using forward osmosis membranes for minimum liquid discharge.

This study focuses on the evaluation of dye recovery and reuse potential from denim and polyester effluents using forward osmosis (FO). A cationic surfactant, tetraethylammonium bromide (TEAB), was used as the draw solution (DS). After optimizing the DS and feed solution (FS) concentrations and temperatures in batch experiments, a DS concentration of 0.

Stage migration as a surrogate of survival in hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transarterial chemoembolization.

Background Aims: Locoregional therapies, including transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), are recommended for the treatment of HCC; however, clinical trials evaluating their effectiveness have been complicated by a lack of validated surrogate outcomes. We aimed to evaluate if stage migration could serve as a potential surrogate of overall survival in patients undergoing TACE.

Approach: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients with HCC who underwent TACE as initial therapy from 3 centers in the US from 2008 to 2019.

Identification of the Language Network from Resting-State fMRI in Patients with Brain Tumors: How Accurate Are Experts?

Background And Purpose: Resting-state fMRI helps identify neural networks in presurgical patients who may be limited in their ability to undergo task-fMRI. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of identifying the language network from resting-state-fMRI independent component analysis (ICA) maps.

Materials And Methods: Through retrospective analysis, patients who underwent both resting-state-fMRI and task-fMRI were compared by identifying the language network from the resting-state-fMRI data by 3 reviewers.

Resistance Patterns of Frequently Applied Antimicrobials and Occurrence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Detected in Edwardsiellosis-Infected Tilapia Species of Fish Farms of Punjab in Pakistan.

is one of the most significant fish pathogens, causes edwardsiellosis in a variety of freshwater fish species, and its antibiotic resistance against multiple drugs has made it a health risk worldwide. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance (ABR) genes of and establish its antibiotic susceptibility. Thus, 540 fish (299 , 138 , and 103 ) were collected randomly from twelve fish farms in three districts of Punjab in Pakistan.

Clinical Evaluation of Scout Accelerated Motion Estimation and Reduction Technique for 3D MR Imaging in the Inpatient and Emergency Department Settings.

Background And Purpose: A scout accelerated motion estimation and reduction (SAMER) framework has been developed for efficient retrospective motion correction. The goal of this study was to perform an initial evaluation of SAMER in a series of clinical brain MR imaging examinations.

Materials And Methods: Ninety-seven patients who underwent MR imaging in the inpatient and emergency department settings were included in the study.

Factors and Predictors of Health Related Quality of Life of the General Population of Pakistan.

Background And Objective: The standards of living, improvement in public health, and medical care in Pakistan are increasing day by day, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has been increasingly acknowledged in various patient's reported outcomes in Pakistan. However, a large-scale general population-based study on assessing HQRoL in Pakistan was not conducted. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate HRQoL for the general Pakistani population.

A Multi-Scale Spatial and Temporal Attention Network on Dynamic Connectivity to Localize The Eloquent Cortex in Brain Tumor Patients.

We present a deep neural network architecture that combines multi-scale spatial attention with temporal attention to simultaneously localize the language and motor areas of the eloquent cortex from dynamic functional connectivity data. Our multi-scale spatial attention operates on graph-based features extracted from the connectivity matrices, thus honing in on the inter-regional interactions that collectively define the eloquent cortex. At the same time, our temporal attention model selects the intervals during which these interactions are most pronounced.

Diagnostic yield of CT angiography performed for suspected cervical artery dissection in the emergency department.

Background And Purpose: Computed tomography angiographies are frequently performed in the emergency department (ED) for the assessment of cervical artery dissection (CeAD) due to the high risk of associated morbidity, but their diagnostic utility is not fully evaluated. We assessed the radiological outcomes and clinical correlates of CTAs performed for suspected CeAD.

Materials And Methods: CTAs for all indications (Indication) over a 10-year period were evaluated to identify those with CeAD.

Paraspinal soft tissue edema ratio: An accurate marker for early lumbar spine spondylodiscitis on an unenhanced MRI.

Purpose: MRI is currently the gold standard imaging modality in the diagnosis of lumbar spine discitis/osteomyelitis. However, even with supportive clinical and laboratory data, the accuracy of MRI remains limited by several degenerative and inflammatory mimics, such that it continues to represent a challenge for radiologists. This study reports a new quantitative imaging marker of lumbar paraspinal soft tissue edema which shows significant accuracy for spondylodiscitis.

Effect of Moringa olifera leaves on growth and gut microbiota of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Moringa olifera on the growth and gut health of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The feed having 30% crude protein was prepared as an experimental diet with 4%, 8% and 10% M. olifera leaf supplementation, respectively.

A novel approach to the analysis of spin-trapped free radicals using dimethyl sulfoxide and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with both solvent extraction and headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME).

In this study, we have utilized a novel strategy based upon the use of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the detection and identification of spin-trapped free radicals. Hydroxymethyl (CHOH) radicals, generated by Fenton-type chemistry, have been trapped by --butyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN) or one of its derivatives in the presence of DMSO to form a 1,3-diadduct [PBN-(CHOH)(CH)], which may be detected directly in the reaction mixture following chloroform extraction or in the reaction vial headspace by sampling with SPME. Separation and identification have been carried out by capillary gas chromatography coupled to electron-ionization mass spectrometry (EI-MS).

Optimization of nutrient rich solution for direct fertigation using novel side stream anaerobic forward osmosis process to treat textile wastewater.

The current study focused on the performance of a lab scale side stream anaerobic fertilizer drawn forward osmosis (An-FDFO) setup and optimization of nutrient rich solution to achieve sustainable water reuse from high strength synthetic textile wastewater. Three fertilizer draw solutes including Mono Ammonium Phosphate (MAP), Ammonium Sulphate (SOA) and Mono Potassium Phosphate (MKP) were blended in six different ratios with total molar concentration not exceeding 1 M. Among six blended draw solutions (DS), combination with high concentration of SOA have shown highest flux and combination with high concentration of MKP have shown highest reverse solute flux, while those with high concentration of MAP remain moderate both in flux and RSF.

Automated eloquent cortex localization in brain tumor patients using multi-task graph neural networks.

Localizing the eloquent cortex is a crucial part of presurgical planning. While invasive mapping is the gold standard, there is increasing interest in using noninvasive fMRI to shorten and improve the process. However, many surgical patients cannot adequately perform task-based fMRI protocols.

The global emergence of Chikungunya infection: An integrated view.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is one of the emerging viruses around the globe. It belongs to the family Togaviridae and genus Alphavirus and is an arthropod borne virus that transmits by the bite of an infected mosquito, mainly through Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopcitus. It is a spherical, enveloped virus with positive single stranded RNA genome.

Pulling the Brakes on Fast and Furious Multiple Drug-Resistant (MDR) Bacteria.

Life-threatening bacterial infections have been managed by antibiotics for years and have significantly improved the wellbeing and lifetime of humans. However, bacteria have always been one step ahead by inactivating the antimicrobial agent chemically or by producing certain enzymes. The alarming universal occurrence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has compelled researchers to find alternative treatments for MDR infections.

Role of C-reactive protein in effective utilization of emergent MRI for spinal infections.

Purpose: Emergent spinal MRI is recommended for patients with back pain and red flags for infection. However, many of these studies are negative due to low prevalence of spinal infections. Our purpose was to assess if C-reactive protein (CRP) can be used to guide effective utilization of emergent MRI for spinal infections.