Cytotoxicity as a form of immunogenic cell death leading to efficient tumor antigen cross-priming.

Antigen cross-priming of CD8 T cells is a critical process necessary for the effective expansion and activation of CD8 T cells endowed with the ability to recognize and destroy tumor cells. The cross-presentation of tumor antigens to cross-prime CD8 T cells is mainly mediated, if not only, by a subset of professional antigen-presenting cells termed type-1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1). The demise of malignant cells can be immunogenic if it occurs in the context of premortem stress.

Impact of the progressive uptake of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of invasive pneumococcal disease in Gipuzkoa, northern Spain, 1998-2022.

Objectives: To analyze the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) on the incidence of invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs) and pneumococcal antibiotic resistance in Gipuzkoa, northern Spain for a 25 years period.

Methods: All cases of IPD confirmed by culture between 1998 and 2022 in a population of around 427,416 people were included. Pneumococci were serotyped and antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by the EUCAST guidelines.

Dendritic cells, headhunters for anti-tumor CD8 T cells in triple-negative breast cancer.

How do we identify patients most likely to benefit from immune checkpoint blockade therapies? This month in Med, Wu and colleagues identify that CCL19 mature dendritic cells correlated with responses to anti-PD-(L)1 immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer patients, suggesting the use of CCL19 as a biomarker to predict patient outcomes.

Genetic Characterization of Non- Indicates Distinct Infection Transmission Networks in Spain.

infection is an important public health problem. Our objective was to assess the dynamics of the transmission of this infection, analysing the distribution of circulating genotypes and multilocus sequence types of in Spain as a function of clinical and epidemiological variables. During 2018 and 2019, we genetically characterized in tertiary hospitals in six areas in Spain (Asturias, Barcelona, Gipuzkoa, Mallorca, Seville and Zaragoza), with a catchment population of 3.

Increases in the Macrolide Resistance of and the Emergence of the A2058T Mutation in the 23S rRNA Gene: Clonal Spread?

The management of Mycoplasma genitalium sexually transmitted infection (STI) is hindered by increasing resistance to the recommended antibiotics, macrolides and quinolones, worldwide. In Gipuzkoa (Basque Country, Spain), macrolide and quinolone resistance rates in 2014−2018 were reported as <20% and <10%, respectively. The aims of this study were to compare these rates with those in 2019−2021 and analyse the genetic and epidemiological features of the strains and cases associated with striking changes in the resistance trends.

A case of severe diarrhoea caused by in an immunocompromised patient in northern Spain.

is a parasite that causes intestinal disease that can be especially severe in immunocompromised patients. Most cases occur in tropical and subtropical areas, and in industrialized countries their diagnosis is mostly linked to international travel or the ingestion of imported food. We describe this case of severe diarrhoea in a patient with diffuse large B cell lymphoma and no epidemiological risk factors that was successfully treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-STX).

Inverted Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and the fundamental diagnostic role of echocardiography.

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is characterized by the development of transient focal wall-motion abnormalities that involve the apical and midventricular segments, in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease. A variant, inverted takotsubo cardiomyopathy, was described in 2010. We report 3 cases in which each patient's transthoracic echocardiogram revealed the characteristic basal and midventricular segmental akinesis of this variant.

Association of Epstein-Barr virus and nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Caucasian patients.

We evaluated the association of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in Spanish patients, and studied the expression of EBV products (latent membrane protein-1 [LMP-1] and ZEBRA proteins) by NPC cells and its possible prognostic value. In situ hybridization (ISH) for EBV-encoded nonpolyadenylated RNAs (EBERs) and immunohistochemical expression of LMP-1 and ZEBRA proteins by immunohistochemistry were examined in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded NPC specimens from 30 patients, and a survival analysis was done by the Kaplan-Meier method. We detected EBERs by ISH in 96.

Association of body cavity-based lymphoma and human herpesvirus 8 in an HIV-seronegative male. Report of a case with immunocytochemical and molecular studies.

Background: Recently lymphomas arising primarily in serosal surfaces have been found in patients with advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), but they very rarely seem to occur in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative patients. Studies on a subset of these lymphomas suggested that they represent a distinct entity associated with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus or human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8).

Case: An 83-year-old, HIV-negative male was admitted to the hospital with a massive pleural effusion.

Paediatric Hodgkin's disease in Spain: association with Epstein-Barr virus strains carrying latent membrane protein-1 oncogene deletions and high frequency of dual infections.

The present report analyses the distribution of 30-base pair (bp) latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) oncogene deletions in 24 cases of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive paediatric Hodgkin's disease (HD) and 39 normal controls. The 30 bp deletion was identified in 19/24 paediatric HD cases (79.2%), of which seven (29.

Normal and clonal B lineage cells can be distinguished by their differential expression of B cell antigens and adhesion molecules in peripheral blood from multiple myeloma (MM) patients--diagnostic and clinical implications.

Human MM is a haematologic disorder characterized by the accumulation of malignant plasma cells (PC), primarily in the bone marrow (BM). Although these cells characteristically home to the BM, in recent years several groups have detected the presence of related malignant B cells in the peripheral blood (PB) which could be implicated in the progression and spread of the disease. However, the proportion and origin of these clonotypic circulating B cells is still controversial.

[Treatment of low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma with Helicobacter pylori eradication. Follow-up of the histological and molecular response].

Background: Low grade gastric MALT lymphoma is associated to infection with Helicobacter pylori. Also, H. pylori eradication can produce histologic regression of the lymphoma.

Molecular analysis of the IgH gene in 212 cases of Hodgkin's disease: correlation of IgH clonality with the histologic and the immunocytochemical features.

The aims of this study are to evaluate the frequency of clonal immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangements in paraffin-embedded samples of Hodgkin's disease (HD) with use of the polymerase chain reaction method and to correlate the molecular findings with the histologic and immunocytochemical features. DNA extracts from paraffin-embedded sections from 212 HD samples were used for amplification of the IgH gene by use of framework 2 and framework 3 region primers. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on paraffin sections by use of monoclonal antibodies for CD20 and latent membrane protein-1 and polyclonal antibody for CD3.

Helicobacter pylori eradication for the treatment of low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma: follow-up together with sequential molecular studies.

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma, and available data support that the eradication of the H. pylori can cause histological regression of the lymphoma.

Patients And Methods: Nine patients with low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma were treated with amoxicillin, metronidazole, and omeprazole for 14 days in a prospective study.

Pathological, immunological, and molecular features of Hodgkin's disease associated with HIV infection. Comparison with ordinary hodgkin's disease.

The aim of the present study was to analyze in a series of 24 HIV-positive Hodgkin's disease (HD) patients the morphological and immunological features, the presence of rearrangements in the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene, expression of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1), and the existence of deletions in the intracytoplasmic domain of the LMP-1 gene. The results obtained were compared with those from a parallel series of 56 patients with ordinary HD. Briefly, comparison of the two series showed a predominance of unfavorable histological subtypes in HIV-positive HD patients.

Deletions in the Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein-1 oncogene in Hodgkin's disease.

Aims-To analyse the latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) gene in a series of patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positive LMP expressing ordinary and HIV associated Hodgkin's disease to detect possible genetic alterations and particularly the existence of deletions near the 3' end of the gene.Methods-Expression of the EBV LMP-1 was assessed using immunohistochemistry in 186 cases of Hodgkin's disease and 31 cases of HIV associated Hodgkin's disease. Genomic DNA was extracted from frozen lymph node biopsy specimens from 25 cases of Hodgkin's disease and 11 of HIV associated Hodgkin's disease, all of whom expressed the LMP-1 protein within diagnostic Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells, and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers specific for the different LMP-1 regions.

[Expression of latent membrane protein (LMP) in large-cell anaplastic lymphomas].

Purpose: The presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded latent membrane protein (LMP) was investigated in 40 cases of lymphoproliferative diseases which include Hodgkin's disease (HD), anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of B and T-cell nature.

Material And Methods: All cases were immunophenotyped in paraffin-embedded lymph node tissues, with a complete panel of monoclonal antibodies against B-cells, T-cells, histiocytes, activation and proliferation markers and classified as: 24 anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL, 8 classical type and 16 ALCL-HD related), 10 lymphocyte predominant HD (LP, 5 classical type and 5 with ALCL areas), 4 NHL (two T-Cell type and 2 T-cell rich B-cell NHL). Immunohistochemistry techniques were performed ABC-complex and phosphatase alkaline anti-phosphatase alkaline (APAAP).

Evaluation of clonal immunoglobulin heavy chain rearrangements in Hodgkin's disease using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

We have correlated histologic type of Hodgkin's disease, degree of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cell infiltration, percentage of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cell positivity for latent membrane protein, immunophenotype of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells, and immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene rearrangements detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 56 unselected Hodgkin's disease cases. Two protocols were used for amplification of IgH gene using Fr2 or Fr3 V-region primers, in conjunction with nested primers directed to the JH region. PCR products were run on polyacrylamide gels.