Junctional adhesion molecule C expression specifies a CD138low/neg multiple myeloma cell population in mice and humans.

Deregulation such as overexpression of adhesion molecules influences cancer progression and survival. Metastasis of malignant cells from their primary tumor site to distant organs is the most common reason for cancer-related deaths. Junctional adhesion molecule-C (JAM-C), a member of the immunoglobulin-like JAM family, can homodimerize and aid cancer cell migration and metastasis.

Transient regulatory T-cell targeting triggers immune control of multiple myeloma and prevents disease progression.

Multiple myeloma remains a largely incurable disease of clonally expanding malignant plasma cells. The bone marrow microenvironment harbors treatment-resistant myeloma cells, which eventually lead to disease relapse in patients. In the bone marrow, CD4FoxP3 regulatory T cells (Tregs) are highly abundant amongst CD4 T cells providing an immune protective niche for different long-living cell populations, e.

A Hyperactive Form of the Zinc Cluster Transcription Factor Stb5 Causes Overexpression and Beauvericin Resistance in Candida albicans.

Gain-of-function mutations in the zinc cluster transcription factors Mrr1, Tac1, and Upc2, which result in constitutive overexpression of their target genes, are a frequent cause of fluconazole resistance in the pathogenic yeast In this study, we show that an activated form of another zinc cluster transcription factor, Stb5, confers resistance to the natural compound beauvericin via the overexpression of , encoding an efflux pump of the ATP-binding cassette transporter superfamily. Beauvericin was recently shown to potentiate the activity of azole drugs against Although Yor1 did not contribute to fluconazole resistance when cells were treated with the drug alone, Stb5-mediated overexpression diminished the synergistic effect of the fluconazole-beauvericin combination, thereby enhancing fluconazole resistance in beauvericin-treated cells. Stb5-mediated overexpression also suppressed the inhibition of hyphal growth, an important virulence trait of , by beauvericin.

Prevalence and determinants of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in Indonesia (a part of basic health research/Riskesdas).

Aim: To estimate the prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in 15 year old and over in urban Indonesia and their association with risk factors such as age, smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, hypertension.

Methods: A national sample involving 24,417 participants living in urban Indonesia aged > 15 years were examined for 2 hours of plasma glucose concentrations in a cross sectional survey using the 75-g oral glucose. Diagnostic criteria of the World Health Organization 1999 and American Diabetes Association (ADA) 2003 were used to determine the prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance.

Pathologic findings in a steroid-responsive optic nerve infarct in giant-cell arteritis.

Objective: To investigate the pathophysiologic mechanism of optic nerve infarction in giant-cell arteritis (GCA).

Background: Previous pathologic reports of optic nerve infarction in GCA involved patients who were blind at the time of death. The optic nerve infarcts were primarily retrolaminar in localization.

Attenuated, replication-competent herpes simplex virus type 1 mutant G207: safety evaluation of intracerebral injection in nonhuman primates.

This study examined the safety of intracerebral inoculation of G207, an attenuated, replication-competent herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) recombinant, in nonhuman primates. Sixteen New World owl monkeys (Aotus nancymae [karyotype 1, formerly believed to be A. trivirgatus]), known for their exquisite susceptibility to HSV-1 infection, were evaluated.

Presentations of thyroglossal duct cysts in adults.

The thyroglossal duct cyst is the most common congenital neck mass, resulting from persistence and dilatation of remnants of an epithelial tract formed during migration of the thyroid during embryogenesis. Approximately 7% of the population has thyroglossal duct remnants. Although thyroglossal duct cysts generally present clinically in children, it is important to understand that the lesion can present in adults as well, sometimes much later in life.

Lung carcinoma presenting as metastasis to intracranial meningioma: case report and review of the literature.

Tumor-to-tumor metastasis is rare. The authors report a case of a 52-year-old man with a 1-year history of a right parasaggital meningioma, whose clinical signs were consistent with enlarging meningioma. In preparation for surgery, the routine preoperative chest radiograph revealed a lung mass.

Activation of CNS circuits producing a neurogenic cystitis: evidence for centrally induced peripheral inflammation.

We present a model of neurogenic cystitis induced by viral infection of specific neuronal circuits of the rat CNS. Retrograde infection by pseudorabies virus (PRV) of neuronal populations neighboring those that innervate the bladder consistently led to a localized immune response in the CNS and bladder inflammation. Infection of bladder circuits themselves or of circuits distant from these rarely produced cystitis.

Isolated facial nerve palsy from metastasis to the temporal bone: report of two cases and a review of the literature.

Isolated facial nerve paralysis is rarely the result of metastasis. We describe two cases (the fourth and fifth cases ever documented) with facial nerve palsy secondary to metastatic adenocarcinoma to the temporal bone. We also review the pathogenesis and presentation of facial nerve paralysis from metastasis and discuss a possible treatment strategy.

Proteolysis of human calcitonin in excised bovine nasal mucosa: elucidation of the metabolic pathway by liquid secondary ionization mass spectrometry (LSIMS) and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI).

Purpose: Two calcitonins, i.e. human calcitonin (hCT) and, for comparison, salmon calcitonin (sCT), were chosen as peptide models to investigate nasal mucosal metabolism.

Treatment of human malignant meningiomas by G207, a replication-competent multimutated herpes simplex virus 1.

We have demonstrated that replication-competent attenuated mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) have therapeutic potential for malignant gliomas. Moreover, a recently described multiple mutant HSV (termed G207) has properties which may allow human clinical trials. G207 is able to replicate within and kill cells from three human malignant meningiomas in cell culture.

Atypical cerebral aneurysm in a young child.

Autopsy findings are described of an atypical aneurysm of a large cerebral artery in a young child. The lesion is believed to have been an infective (mycotic) aneurysm. Antibiotics were administered at the time of the first leakage which had been thought to be due to a sinus infection.

A clinical and neuropathologic study of silk suture as an embolic agent for brain arteriovenous malformations.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of silk suture as an agent for preoperative embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations.

Methods: Clinical and histopathologic results were analyzed in six patients who underwent embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations using silk suture in combination with other agents.

Results: Three of the patients treated with silk hemorrhaged after embolization, and two of these patients died.

Metastatic prostate cancer to the optic canal.

Purpose: Optic neuropathies represent a common cause of blindness among patients with cancer. The authors present the clinical and imaging findings and discuss the management of optic nerve involvement from metastatic prostate cancer to the optic canal.

Methods: Five patients with advanced metastatic prostate cancer had visual loss.

Progressive motor neuron disease associated with electrical injury.

A patient in perfect health prior to electrical shock developed an ALS-like syndrome after the shock. Onset of the disease occurred in the limb through which the shock entered, and subsequently followed a course well-described in previous case reports. Possible mechanisms of disease are discussed.

Fatal varicella-zoster virus meningoradiculitis without skin involvement.

A 77-year-old man with T-cell lymphoma developed an acute fatal meningoradiculitis of cranial nerve roots and cauda equina, pathologically and virologically confirmed to be caused by varicella-zoster virus. This is the first report of fatal varicella-zoster virus-induced neurological disease in the absence of skin lesions. Varicella-zoster virus should be included in the differential diagnosis of acute radiculoneuropathy in the immunocompromised patient, particularly because antiviral treatment for varicella-zoster virus exists.

Type-specific identification of herpes simplex and varicella-zoster virus antigen in autopsy tissues.

To identify antigens of herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in human tissue, polyclonal antisera and an immunoperoxidase method were used to examine formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from autopsy cases and experimentally infected animals. These antisera readily distinguished between HSV and VZV antigen, with no evident cross-reactivity. Antiser ato HSV-1 and HSV-2 were more strongly reactive with antigen of the homologous virus than with that of heterologous virus.

Characterization of artificial liposomes with free-flow electrophoresis.

Free flow electrophoresis was used to examine the influence of active substances, lipid composition and preparation method on the surface charge of the liposomes. It is also possible to test the homogeneity of a liposome population with FFE.

Disk fragment migration.

This report analyzes the most frequently observed migration paths of disk fragments in 47 patients who had extruded or sequestered disks. Observations are based principally on magnetic resonance (MR) images. When disk fragments moved in a superior (42%) or inferior (40%) direction from the donor disk, the displaced disk components were most frequently (94%) dislodged into the right or left half of the anterior epidural space (AES) and rarely straddled the midline.

Bilateral orbital involvement in fatal giant cell polymyositis.

The case of a young woman with giant cell polymyositis is described. She had bilateral, severe, midly painful proptosis and ophthalmoplegia. Extensive pharyngeal, laryngeal, and cardiac muscle involvement occurred 18 months later coincident with fatal cardiac arrhythmia.