Jie-Du-Tong-Luo formula protects C2C12 myotubes against high glucose and palmitic acid injury by activating the PI3K/Akt/PPARγ pathway .

Introduction: In prior reports, Jie-Du-Tong-Luo (JDTL) was reported to help control insulin secretion and blood glucose in patients with diabetes, while also protecting liver and pancreatic islet cells against injury caused by exposure to high glucose (HG) levels. This study was thus developed to assess the effects of JDTL on HG and palmitic acid (PA)-induced muscle injury and to explore the mechanistic basis for these effects.

Methods: A model of muscle injury was established using mouse C2C12 myotubes treated with HG + PA.

20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 protects against diabetic muscle atrophy by promoting myoblastic differentiation and protecting mitochondrial function.

Background: High glucose levels are a primary cause of diabetes-associated cellular dysfunction and tissue damage. Muscles are the key insulin target organ and therefore, have a high level of sensitivity to hyperglycemia. Our previous study revealed that 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 (S-Rg3) is a monomer with a good myogenic differentiation effect in ginsenoside.

Unraveling the Heat- and UV-Induced Degradation of Mixed Halide Perovskite Thin Films via Surface Analysis Techniques.

In recent years, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials have become one of the most promising materials in the new generation of solar cells. These perovskites can provide excellent photoelectric properties after a simple fabrication process. Although perovskite solar cells have achieved high power conversion efficiency, instability concerns regarding material exposure to heat, moisture, air, and UV light present hindrances to commercialization.

New insights into ginsenoside Rg1 regulating the niche to inhibit age-induced germline stem cells depletion through targeting ECR/BMP signaling pathway in .

Purpose: The age-induced imbalance in ecological niches leads to the loss of GSCs, which is the main reason for ovarian germline senescence. Ginsenoside Rg1 can delay ovarian senescence. Here, we shed light on new insights of ginsenoside Rg1 in regulating the niche to maintain GSCs self-renewal and discussing related molecular mechanisms.

Irisin: A Potentially Fresh Insight into the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Vascular Aging.

Aging is a natural process that affects all living organisms, including humans. Aging is a complex process that involves the gradual deterioration of various biological processes and systems, including the cardiovascular system. Vascular aging refers to age-related changes in blood vessels.

Tracking the temporal dynamics of the face-like inversion effect as revealed by Chinese characters using magnetoencephalography.

The neural basis of configural processing has been extensively studied by exploiting face inversion during recognition, and growing evidence has revealed that word inversion also involves changes in configuration. However, the neural dynamics of face-like inversion effects remain unclear. Here, we tracked the temporal dynamics of neural responses that were sensitive to inversion during Chinese character recognition as they occurred during face recognition using multivariate decoding and temporal generalization analyses.

Major ginsenosides from promote aerobic cellular respiration and SIRT1-mediated mitochondrial biosynthesis in cardiomyocytes and neurons.

Background: Aerobic cellular respiration provides chemical energy, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), to maintain multiple cellular functions. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) can deacetylate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) to promote mitochondrial biosynthesis. Targeting energy metabolism is a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, such as cardiac and neurological disorders.

Inhibitory effect of bushen huoxue formula against dehydroepiandrosterone-induced inflammation in granulosa cells through TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Androgen exposure may be an important factor in promoting the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and disease progression. Bushen Huoxue Formula (BHF), a traditional Chinese medicine, is prescribed in clinical settings as a PCOS remedy, albeit with unclear pharmacological effects on granulosa cells. The present research explores potentially advantageous BHF impacts and whereby BHF alleviates dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-induced inflammation and endocrine disruption.

Ginsenosides repair UVB-induced skin barrier damage in BALB/c hairless mice and HaCaT keratinocytes.

Background: Ginsenosides (GS) have potential value as cosmetic additives for prevention of skin photoaging. However, their protective mechanisms against skin barrier damage and their active monomeric constituents are unknown.

Methods: GS monomer types and their relative proportions were identified.

Auger Electron Spectroscopy Analysis of the Thermally Induced Degradation of MAPbI Perovskite Films.

Organometal halide perovskites are highly promising materials for photovoltaic applications due to the rapid growth of power conversion efficiency in recent years. However, thermal stability is still a major hurdle for perovskite solar cells toward commercialization. Herein, we first explore the slow thermal response of the CHNHPbI perovskite crystal investigated via Auger electron spectroscopy (AES).

The effects of stimulus inversion on the neural representations of Chinese character and face recognition.

This study investigates whether stimulus inversion influences neural responses of Chinese character recognition similarly to its effect on face recognition in category-selective and object-related brain areas using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Participants performed a one-back matching task for simple (one radical) and compound (two radicals) Chinese characters and faces with upright and inverted orientations. Inverted stimuli produced slower response times with stronger activity within the fusiform gyrus (FG) than upright stimuli for faces and Chinese characters.

[Corrigendum] 20(s)‑ginseonside‑Rg3 modulation of AMPK/FoxO3 signaling to attenuate mitochondrial dysfunction in a dexamethasone‑injured C2C12 myotube‑based model of skeletal atrophy .

Following the publication of this paper, the authors requested that Daqing Zhao also be included as a joint author for correspondence. The Editor has granted this request, and therefore, the revised information for the corresponding authors is presented as follows (changes highlighted in bold): MANYING WANG, RUI JIANG, JIANZENG LIU, XIAOHAO XU, GUANG SUN, DAQING ZHAO and LIWEI SUWN. Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130021; Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine; Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.

20(s)‑ginseonside‑Rg3 modulation of AMPK/FoxO3 signaling to attenuate mitochondrial dysfunction in a dexamethasone‑injured C2C12 myotube‑based model of skeletal atrophy .

Muscle atrophy, a side effect from administration of the anti‑inflammatory medication dexamethasone (DEX), is preventable by concomitant administration of the major monomeric constituent of C.A. Meyer, 20(S)‑ginsenoside Rg3 (S‑Rg3).

ASP2-1, a polysaccharide from Acorus tatarinowii Schott, inhibits osteoclastogenesis via modulation of NFATc1 and attenuates LPS-induced bone loss in mice.

Spectroscopic analysis of HPLC-purified 7.3-kD Acorus tatarinowii Schott root polysaccharide ASP2-1 (FT-IR, NMR) revealed respective monosaccharide proportions of glucose: galactose: arabinose: xylose: galacturonic acid: mannose: rhamnose: glucuronic acid:fucose of 49.1:16.

20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 promotes myoblast differentiation and protects against myotube atrophy via regulation of the Akt/mTOR/FoxO3 pathway.

We previously found that 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 (S-Rg3) promotes myoblast differentiation via an unknown mechanism. Here we measured levels of myosin heavy chain (MHC) and myogenin, markers of myoblast differentiation, using Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining. Notably, S-Rg3 treatment of C2C12 myoblasts led to increased muscle differentiation and protection from muscle atrophy in a dexamethasone (DEX)-treated C2C12 myotube-based muscle atrophy model.

Compound K inhibits autophagy-mediated apoptosis induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion via regulating AMPK-mTOR pathway in neurons.

Aims: Oxygen and glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) injury contributes to the pathophysiology after ischemic stroke, which needs to urgently develop treatment strategies. Previous studies have demonstrated that autophagy in reperfusion period exerted adverse effects on the cerebral ischemic injury. Ginsenoside monomer compound K (CK) is the main intestinal metabolite of ginseng that exerts the pharmacological activities and has a protective effect against cerebral OGD/R injury.

Total Protein Facilitates Recovery from Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy through the Activation of Glucose Consumption in C2C12 Myotubes.

Background: The clinical anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone (DEX) can cause many side effects such as muscle atrophy for long-term use. Muscle atrophy induced by DEX may be caused by decrease of glucose consumption. Panax ginseng C.

Inhibition of Wee1 sensitizes AML cells to ATR inhibitor VE-822-induced DNA damage and apoptosis.

Resistance to standard induction therapy and relapse remain the primary challenges for improving therapeutic effects in acute myeloid leukemia (AML); thus, novel therapeutic strategies are urgently required. Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) is a key regulator of different types of DNA damage, which is crucial for the maintenance of genomic integrity. The ATR-selective inhibitor VE-822 has proper solubility, potency, and pharmacokinetic properties.

Ginsenoside Rb3 exerts protective properties against cigarette smoke extract-induced cell injury by inhibiting the p38 MAPK/NF-κB and TGF-β1/VEGF pathways in fibroblasts and epithelial cells.

Cigarette smoke causes many adverse effects such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and excessive accumulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Ginsenoside Rb3 has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects, which may contribute to delaying the injury caused by cigarette smoke. In this study, we used cigarette smoke extract (CSE) to establish cell injury models in WI-38 human fetal lung fibroblasts and 16HBE human bronchial epithelial cells.

Compound K Inhibits Autophagy-Mediated Apoptosis Through Activation of the PI3K-Akt Signaling Pathway Thus Protecting Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.

Background/aims: A series of reports revealed that autophagy and apoptosis exerted detrimental effects on the pathology of cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Ginsenoside compound K (CK), a major intestinal metabolite underlying the pharmacological actions of orally administered ginseng, has a protective effect against myocardial I/R injury. However, the molecular mechanisms by which CK protects against I/R injury remain unclear.

Evaluation of Palatal Bone Thickness for Insertion of Orthodontic Mini-Implants in Adults and Adolescents.

Objective: The aim of this study was to measure palatal bone thickness and select relatively safe regions for mini-implant insertion, and to determine the effect of age and sex on palatal bone thickness and whether there is any difference between right and left sides.

Materials And Methods: Cone beam computed tomographic (CBCT) evaluation was used on 107 healthy orthodontic patients, including 51 adolescents (12.90 ± 1.

total protein promotes proliferation and secretion of collagen in NIH/3T3 cells by activating extracellular signal-related kinase pathway.

Background: Recently, protein from ginseng was studied and used for the treatment of several kinds of diseases. However, the effect of ginseng total protein (GTP) on proliferation and wound healing in fibroblast cells remains unclear.

Methods: In this study, cell viability was analyzed using the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay.

Physical-Performance Outcomes and Biomechanical Correlates from the 32-Week Yoga Empowers Seniors Study.

. Yoga Empowers Seniors Study (YESS) quantified physical demands associated with yoga performance using biomechanical methods. This study evaluated the efficacy of the program on physical function outcomes.

Proteomic analysis of amino acid metabolism differences between wild and cultivated Panax ginseng.

Background: The present study aimed to compare the relative abundance of proteins and amino acid metabolites to explore the mechanisms underlying the difference between wild and cultivated ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) at the amino acid level.

Methods: Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation were used to identify the differential abundance of proteins between wild and cultivated ginseng. Total amino acids in wild and cultivated ginseng were compared using an automated amino acid analyzer.

Proteomic Analyses Provide Novel Insights into Plant Growth and Ginsenoside Biosynthesis in Forest Cultivated Panax ginseng (F. Ginseng).

F. Ginseng (Panax ginseng) is planted in the forest to enhance the natural ginseng resources, which have an immense medicinal and economic value. The morphology of the cultivated plants becomes similar to that of wild growing ginseng (W.