Regional brain activity and connectivity associated with childhood trauma in drug-naive patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by intrusive thoughts and repetitive, compulsive behaviors, with childhood trauma recognized as a contributing factor to its pathophysiology. This study aimed to delineate brain functional aberrations in OCD patients and explore the association between these abnormalities and childhood trauma, to gain insights into the neural underpinnings of OCD. Forty-eight drug-naive OCD patients and forty-two healthy controls (HC) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and clinical assessments, including the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF).

Exome functional risk score and brain connectivity can predict social adaptability outcome of children with autism spectrum disorder in 4 years' follow up.

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder emerging in early childhood, with heterogeneous clinical outcomes across individuals. This study aims to recognize neuroimaging genetic factors associated with outcomes of ASD after a 4-year follow-up.

Methods: A total of 104 ASD children were included in this study; they underwent clinical assessments, MRI data acquisition, and the whole exome sequencing (WES).

Informational Analysis and Prediction of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Pathogenesis.

Objective: We aimed to predict the possible mechanism of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) by integrating and analyzing mRNA sequencing results from two datasets and to provide direction for future studies into the pathogenesis of OCD.

Methods: Two OCD datasets, GSE78104 and GSE60190, were obtained, and the intersection of the two gene sets with differential expression in OCD samples was selected. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signal pathway enrichment and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses were performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) online analysis website for the genes at the intersection, and the data were mapped using http://www.

Exploring the impact of PDGFD in osteosarcoma metastasis through single-cell sequencing analysis.

Purpose: The overall survival rate for metastatic osteosarcoma hovers around 20%. Responses to second-line chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and immunotherapies have demonstrated limited efficacy in metastatic osteosarcoma. Our objective is to validate differentially expressed genes and signaling pathways between non-metastatic and metastatic osteosarcoma, employing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and additional functional investigations.

Electron Delocalization of Au Nanoclusters Triggered by Fe Single Atoms Boosts Alkaline Overall Water Splitting.

The rational design and in-depth understanding of the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction (HER and OER) bifunctional electrocatalysts are vital to decreasing the energy consumption of hydrogen production by electrochemical water splitting. Herein, we report an inducing electron delocalization method where Fe single atoms as inducers are used to regulate the electron structure of Au nanoclusters by the M-N-C substrate to acquire satisfactory intrinsic HER activity. Meanwhile, Fe single atoms also serve as efficient OER active sites to construct bifunctional electrocatalysts.

Brain white matter microstructure abnormalities in children with optimal outcome from autism: a four-year follow-up study.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder, with only a small proportion of people obtaining optimal outcomes. We do not know if children with ASD exhibit abnormalities in the white matter (WM) microstructure or if this pattern would predict ASD prognosis in a longitudinal study. 182 children with ASD were recruited for MRI and clinical assessment; 111 completed a four-year follow-up visit (30 with optimal outcomes, ASD-; 81 with persistent diagnosis, ASD+).

Chronic Stress in Bipolar Disorders Across the Different Clinical States: Roles of HPA Axis and Personality.

Introduction: Chronic stress has been linked to the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD); however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In BD patients, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity is associated with stress. This study aimed to examine the relationship between HPA axis activity and BD symptoms in various clinical states, as well as how personality influences the process.

Influence of cyanobacterial bloom accumulation and dissipation on underwater light attenuation in a large and shallow lake.

Cyanobacterial bloom accumulation and dissipation frequently occur in Lake Taihu, a typically shallow, eutrophic lake due to wind wave disturbance. However, knowledge of the driving mechanisms of cyanobacterial blooms on underwater light attenuation is still limited. In this study, we collected a high-frequency in situ monitoring of the wind field, underwater light environment, and surface water quality to elucidate how cyanobacterial bloom accumulation and dissipation affect the variations in underwater light attenuation in the littoral zone of Lake Taihu.

[Whole exome sequencing analysis of a patient with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism and autism spectrum disorder].

Objective: To carry out genetic testing for a patient with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism and autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Methods: Peripheral blood samples of the patient and his parents were collected for the extraction of genomic DNA. Trio-based whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were carried out thereafter.

Transdiagnostic symptom subtypes across autism spectrum disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: validated by measures of neurocognition and structural connectivity.

Backgrounds: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are neurodevelopmental disorders that exhibit within-disorder heterogeneity and cross-disorder phenotypic overlap, thus suggesting that the current disease categories may not fully represent the etiologic essence of the disorders, especially for highly comorbid neurodevelopmental disorders. In this study, we explored the subtypes of a combined sample of ASD and ADHD by integrating measurements of behavior, cognition and brain imaging.

Methods: A total of 164 participants, including 65 with ASD, 47 with ADHD, and 52 controls, were recruited.

Noradrenergic genes polymorphisms and response to methylphenidate in children with ADHD: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder, and methylphenidate (MPH) is considered one of the first-line medicine for ADHD. Unfortunately, this medication is only effective for some children with ADHD. This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate whether noradrenergic gene polymorphisms impact the efficacy of MPH in children with ADHD.

High-resolution temporal detection of cyanobacterial blooms in a deep and oligotrophic lake by high-frequency buoy data.

Cyanobacterial blooms are increasing in magnitude, frequency, and duration worldwide. However, our knowledge of cyanobacterial blooms dynamics and driving mechanisms is still limited due to their high spatiotemporal variability. To determine the potential driving mechanisms of cyanobacterial blooms in oligotrophic lakes, we collected a high-frequency depth profile of chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) and synchronous water quality, hydrometeorological data in early spring 2016 in oligotrophic Lake Qiandaohu.

[A study on KIF1A gene missense variant analysis and its protein expression and structure profiles of an autism spectrum disorder family trio].

Objective: To analyze the pathogenic variants of the KIF1A gene and its corresponding protein structure in an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) family trio carrying harmful missense variants in the KIF1A gene.

Methods: The peripheral blood DNA of the patient and his parents was extracted and sequenced using whole exome sequencing (WES) technology and verified by Sanger sequencing. Bioinformatics software SIFT, PolyPhen-2, Mutation Taster, and CADD software were used to analyze the harmfulness and conservation of variants.

Exploring the spatial working memory and visual perception in children with autism spectrum disorder and general population with high autism-like traits.

The aim of the study is to compare the spatial working memory and visual perception between children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing control (TDC). Furthermore, this study validated whether this impairment was a feature of autism in general population with different autism-like traits (ALTs). This study contains two parts: case-control study and community population study.

[Analysis of common genetic variants associated with neuro-synapse development among 60 family trios affected with sporadic autism spectrum disorders].

Objective: To explore susceptibility genes for autism spectrum disorders (ASD).

Methods: Whole-exome sequencing was carried out for 60 family trios affected with sporadic ASD. Genetic variants discovered in over 10% of the patients were selected for genotype-phenotype correlation and pathway enrichment analysis using Phenolyzer software and metascape database.

Identification of De Novo JAK2 and MAPK7 Mutations Related to Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Whole-Exome Sequencing in a Chinese Child and Adolescent Trio-Based Sample.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with high phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. Whole-exome sequencing studies have shown that de novo single-nucleotide variations (SNVs) play an important role in sporadic ASD. The present study aimed to search for de novo SNVs using whole-exome sequencing in 59 unrelated Chinese ASD sporadic trios, and found 24 genes (including five reported ASD candidate genes CACNA1D, ACHE, YY1, TTN, and FBXO11) with de novo harmful SNVs.

Parents' impaired emotion recognition abilities are related to children's autistic symptoms in autism spectrum disorder.

Objective: We aimed to explore whether parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) had impaired emotion recognition abilities and whether this deficit was related to their children's autistic symptoms.

Methods: The autistic symptoms of 31 ASD children were assessed using the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R). Fifty parents of ASD children and 34 parents of typically developing (TD) children completed an emotion recognition task (ERT).

[Reliability and Validity of the Abridged Chinese Version of Autism Spectrum Quotient-Child form in China].

Objective: To determine the reliability and validity of the abridged Chinese version of the autism spectrum quotient (AQ) -child form.

Methods: A total of 86 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were recruited from the West China Hospital from July 2014 to December 2016, along with 6 896 children recruited from three schools in Chengdu. The participants completed the AQ scale under instructions from a trained interviewer.

Comparisons between Psychiatric Symptoms of Patients with Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis and New-Onset Psychiatric Patients.

Background: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a potentially lethal autoimmune disease. Early diagnosis and immunotherapy can improve prognosis; however, early prominent psychiatric symptoms have led to misdiagnosis in numerous cases, delaying diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to explore the clinical features and psychiatric symptoms of anti-NMDAR encephalitis and the association between antibody titers and psychiatric symptoms.