The ketone body β-Hydroxybutyrate mediated epigenetic chromatin β-hydroxybutyrylation protects kidneys.

Starvation, intermittent fasting and exercise, all of which are recommended lifestyle modifiers share a common metabolic signature, ketogenesis to generate the ketone bodies, predominantly β-hydroxybutyrate. β-hydroxybutyrate exerts beneficial effects across various contexts, preventing or mitigating disease. We hypothesized that these dynamic health benefits of β-hydroxybutyrate might stem from its ability to regulate genome architecture through chromatin remodeling via histone β-hydroxybutyrylation, thereby influencing the transcriptome.

PPARδ restrains the suppression function of intra-tumoral Tregs by limiting CIITA-MHC II expression.

Unlabelled: Regulatory T cells (T cells) play a critical role in suppressing anti-tumor immunity, often resulting in unfavorable clinical outcomes across numerous cancers. However, systemic T depletion, while augmenting anti-tumor responses, also triggers detrimental autoimmune disorders. Thus, dissecting the mechanisms by which T cells navigate and exert their functions within the tumor microenvironment (TME) is pivotal for devising innovative T -centric cancer therapies.

Pro-cognitive reshaping of neuronal dynamics by a human CSF-based factor.

Neuronal connection dysfunction is a convergent cause of cognitive deficits in mental disorders. Cognitive processes are finely regulated at the synaptic level by membrane proteins, some of which are shed and detectable in patients' cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, whether these soluble synaptic proteins can harnessed as innovative pro-cognitive factors to treat brain disorders remains unclear.

A precision oncology-focused deep learning framework for personalized selection of cancer therapy.

Precision oncology matches tumors to targeted therapies based on the presence of actionable molecular alterations. However, most tumors lack actionable alterations, restricting treatment options to cytotoxic chemotherapies for which few data-driven prioritization strategies currently exist. Here, we report an integrated computational/experimental treatment selection approach applicable for both chemotherapies and targeted agents irrespective of actionable alterations.

Mechanistic origins of temperature scaling in the early embryonic cell cycle.

Temperature profoundly impacts organismal physiology and ecological dynamics, particularly affecting ectothermic species and making them especially vulnerable to climate changes. Although complex physiological processes usually involve dozens of enzymes, empirically it is found that the rates of these processes often obey the Arrhenius equation, which was originally derived for single-enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Here we have examined the temperature scaling of the early embryonic cell cycle, with the goal of understanding why the Arrhenius equation approximately holds and why it breaks down at temperature extremes.

Strategies to prevent postoperative delirium: a comprehensive evaluation of anesthesia selection and drug intervention.

Postoperative delirium (POD) represents a common neurological complication encountered predominantly among the elderly cohort undergoing surgical intervention for hip fractures. This phenomenon, particularly commonplace in geriatric populations with heightened preoperative risk profiles, pronounced comorbidities, and later stages of lifespan, poses complex clinical challenges. The impact of perioperative pharmacological interventions and anesthetic strategies on POD's emergence cannot be understated, as it may profoundly affect the length of hospital stays, rehabilitation milestones, and the overall mortality hazard.

Transarterial therapy combined with bevacizumab plus immune checkpoint inhibitors as a neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced HCC.

Background: Transarterial therapy (TAT), bevacizumab (Bev), and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have individually exhibited efficacy in treating advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of the combination of these three treatments as a neoadjuvant modality in patients with locally advanced HCC.

Methods: The primary endpoint is overall survival (OS).

Efficacy and safety of chimeric antigen receptor T cells targeting BCMA and GPRC5D in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.

Background: Clinical studies have demonstrated the high efficacy of using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells targeting B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and orphan G protein-coupled receptor, class C group 5 member D (GPRC5D) to treat relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). In this study, we compared the efficacy and safety of BCMA CAR-T-cell therapy (BCMA CAR-T) and GPRC5D CAR T-cell therapy (GPRC5D CAR-T) in patients with RRMM.

Methods: We retrieved and included eligible clinical trials of BCMA or GPRC5D CAR-T for RRMM patients.

Enabling immune checkpoint blockade efficacy in T-lymphopenia by restoring CD8 T cell dynamics with IL-7 cytokine therapy.

Introduction: T-lymphopenia (TLP) is a frequently observed condition in cancer patients, often exacerbated by conventional chemo/radiotherapy, which impairs the efficacy of subsequent immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. This study aimed to understand the impact of TLP on ICB responsiveness and explore potential therapeutic strategies to enhance antitumor immunity.

Methods: To investigate ICB responsiveness depending on the severity of TLP, first, we established TLP mouse models that mimic clinically observed mild and severe TLP through thymectomy and anti-Thy1-induced peripheral T cell depletion.

Artificial intelligence in lung cancer: current applications, future perspectives, and challenges.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly impacted various fields, including oncology. This comprehensive review examines the current applications and future prospects of AI in lung cancer research and treatment. We critically analyze the latest AI technologies and their applications across multiple domains, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, immunomics, microbiomics, radiomics, and pathomics in lung cancer research.

U-shaped relationship between serum uric acid and gastric cancer risk: a large prospective cohort study.

Objective: We conducted this study to investigate the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and the risk of upper gastrointestinal cancer.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study with 475659 cancer-free participants from the UK Biobank. All subjects were grouped into quartiles, and we used a Cox proportional hazards model to analyze the association between SUA levels and the risk of upper gastrointestinal cancer and explore the potential sex-specific relationship.

Identification of the locus controlling leaf rolling and its application in maize breeding.

Unlabelled: Increasing planting density is one of the most important strategies for generating higher maize yields. Moderate leaf rolling decreases mutual shading of leaves and increases the photosynthesis of the population and hence increases the tolerance for high-density planting. Few genes that control leaf rolling in maize have been identified, however, and their applicability for breeding programs remains unclear.

Aberrant controllability of functional connectome during working memory tasks in patients with schizophrenia and unaffected siblings.

Background: Working memory deficit, a key feature of schizophrenia, is a heritable trait shared with unaffected siblings. It can be attributed to dysregulation in transitions from one brain state to another.

Aims: Using network control theory, we evaluate if defective brain state transitions underlie working memory deficits in schizophrenia.

Sexual Stigma, Descriptive Norms, and U.S. Gay and Bisexual Men's Intentions to Perform Mpox Preventive Behaviors.

Based on the theory of normative social behavior, this research investigated the moderating role of three forms of sexual stigma - enacted, felt, and internalized - in the relationship between perceived descriptive norms and intentions of gay and bisexual men to engage in three preventive behaviors during the 2022 mpox outbreak in the U.S. Through an online survey conducted among 439 gay and bisexual men in September 2022, we observed that participants' perceived descriptive norms regarding mpox preventive behaviors among gay and bisexual male friends and among gay and bisexual men in general were both positively related to their intentions to adopt the recommended mpox preventive behaviors.

UCS: A Unified Approach to Cell Segmentation for Subcellular Spatial Transcriptomics.

Subcellular Spatial Transcriptomics (SST) represents an innovative technology enabling researchers to investigate gene expression at the subcellular level within tissues. To comprehend the spatial architecture of a given tissue, cell segmentation plays a crucial role in attributing the measured transcripts to individual cells. However, existing cell segmentation methods for SST datasets still face challenges in accurately distinguishing cell boundaries due to the varying characteristics of SST technologies.

Enhancing Photovoltaically Preferred Orientation in Wide-Bandgap Perovskite for Efficient All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells.

Wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells (WBG PSCs) have promising applications in tandem devices yet suffer from low open-circuit voltages (Vs) and less stability. To address these issues, the study introduces multifunctional nicotinamide derivatives into WBG PSCs, leveraging the regulation on photovoltaically preferential orientation and optoelectronic properties via diverse functional groups, e.g.

In-plane aligned doping pattern in electrospun PEI/MBene nanocomposites for high-temperature capacitive energy storage.

To achieve superior energy storage performance in dielectric polymer films, it is crucial to balance three key properties: high dielectric constant, high breakdown strength, and low dielectric loss. Here, we present the realization of ultrahigh efficiency and energy density in electrospun MBene/PEI composite films, achieved through an in-plane aligned doping pattern. The 1.

Overcoming the Tradeoff Between Reaction Rate and Overpotential in Dinuclear Cobalt Complex Catalyzed Electrochemical Water Oxidation.

This study focuses on enhancing the water oxidation reaction (WOR) efficacy of dinuclear cobalt complex catalysts from both kinetic (turnover frequency, TOF) and thermodynamic (overpotential, η) perspectives. For this purpose, we synthesized six dinuclear cobalt complexes 1-6 comprising non-innocent ligands with different electronically active substituents (-OMe (1), -Me (2), -H (3), -F (4), -Cl (5), and -CN (6)). The electronic effects on the electrochemical WOR under neutral, acidic, and alkaline conditions were investigated experimentally and computationally.

First Experience With a Novel Self-Expandable Valve for Mitral Annular Calcification Guided by Three-Dimensional Printing.

Transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) may emerge as a surgical alternative for high-risk patients with severe mitral annular calcification (MAC), yet several questions remain to be addressed. We present the case of a 67-year-old high-risk female patient with severe MAC (MAC score = 8) and mitral stenosis (effective orifice area = 121.3 mm).

A-to-I-Edited miR-1304-3p Inhibits Glycolysis and Tumor Growth of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Inactivating Wnt5a/ROR2 Signaling.

A-to-I RNA editing is a pervasive mechanism in the human genome that affects the regulation of gene expression and is closely associated with the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. This study elucidates the regulatory mechanism of A-to-I edited miR-1304-3p in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and RT-qPCR assays were employed to quantify protein and mRNA expression.

Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 () associated retinal degeneration: an international study.

Introduction: Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 () is an X-linked gene critical for nucleotide metabolism. Pathogenic variants cause three overlapping phenotypes: Arts syndrome (severe neurological disease), Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 5 [CMTX5] (peripheral neuropathy), and non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Each may be associated with retinal dystrophy.

Downregulation of SLC7A11 by Bis(4-Hydroxy-3,5-Dimethylphenyl) Sulfone Induces Ferroptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell.

The progression of tumors has been demonstrated to have a strong correlation with ferroptosis. Bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl) sulfone (TMBPS) has been shown to effectively inhibit the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its underlying mechanism is not clear. In this study, ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) was employed to explore whether the death of HCC cells caused by TMBPS is related to ferroptosis.

Identifying Risk Factors for Urinary Tract Stones in Pregnant Women at a Tertiary Hospital in China: A Retrospective Survey.

Background: Urinary tract stones present significant health risks to pregnant women and their foetuses. However, the specific risk factors contributing to stone formation during pregnancy, particularly within the Chinese population, remain poorly understood. This retrospective survey aimed to identify demographic, clinical, and obstetric risk factors associated with urinary tract stones in pregnant women at a tertiary hospital in China.