Designing a physician leadership development program based on effective models of physician education.

Background: Because of modern challenges in quality, safety, patient centeredness, and cost, health care is evolving to adopt leadership practices of highly effective organizations. Traditional physician training includes little focus on developing leadership skills, which necessitates further training to achieve the potential of collaborative management.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to design a leadership program using established models for continuing medical education and to assess its impact on participants' knowledge, skills, attitudes, and performance.

Reducing Implicit Gender Leadership Bias in Academic Medicine With an Educational Intervention.

Purpose: One challenge academic health centers face is to advance female faculty to leadership positions and retain them there in numbers equal to men, especially given the equal representation of women and men among graduates of medicine and biological sciences over the last 10 years. The purpose of this study is to investigate the explicit and implicit biases favoring men as leaders, among both men and women faculty, and to assess whether these attitudes change following an educational intervention.

Method: The authors used a standardized, 20-minute educational intervention to educate faculty about implicit biases and strategies for overcoming them.

Women in Academic Medicine: Measuring Stereotype Threat Among Junior Faculty.

Background: Gender stereotypes in science impede supportive environments for women. Research suggests that women's perceptions of these environments are influenced by stereotype threat (ST): anxiety faced in situations where one may be evaluated using negative stereotypes. This study developed and tested ST metrics for first time use with junior faculty in academic medicine.

Gender and venture capital decision-making: the effects of technical background and social capital on entrepreneurial evaluations.

Research on gender and workplace decision-making tends to address either supply-side disparities between men's and women's human and social capital, or demand-side differences in the status expectations of women and men workers. In addition, this work often relies on causal inferences drawn from empirical data collected on worker characteristics and their workplace outcomes. In this study, we demonstrate how tangible education and work history credentials - typically associated with supply-side characteristics - work in tandem with cultural beliefs about gender to influence the evaluative process that underlies venture capital decisions made in high-growth, high-tech entrepreneurship.

Caries management by risk assessment in a cleft and craniofacial center.

Patients with craniofacial anomalies have an increased incidence of dental caries. The prevention program "Caries Management By Risk Assessment" (CAMBRA) has been previously validated but has not yet been introduced at a widespread level in a medical setting, particularly for this high-risk population.In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to evaluate the feasibility of implementing CAMBRA during the medical visit at an institutional tertiary care center, which treats children with craniofacial anomalies.

The gender gap in academic medicine: comparing results from a multifaceted intervention for stanford faculty to peer and national cohorts.

Purpose: To assess whether the proportion of women faculty, especially at the full professor rank, increased from 2004 to 2010 at Stanford University School of Medicine after a multifaceted intervention.

Method: The authors surveyed gender composition and faculty satisfaction five to seven years after initiating a multifaceted intervention to expand recruitment and development of women faculty. The authors assessed pre/post relative change and rates of increase in women faculty at each rank, and faculty satisfaction; and differences in pre/post change and estimated rate of increase between Stanford and comparator cohorts (nationally and at peer institutions).

Decisions, decisions: how program diversity influences residency program choice.

Background: Recent studies suggest that students' feelings of fit with a residency program substantially influence students' ranking of the program. As diversity issues become increasingly focal concerns, we investigate how perception of gender and racial diversity of a program influences students' rankings of the program. We focus on students pursuing surgical specialties and ask whether diversity concerns are more prominent among applicants to surgical programs than among applicants to nonsurgical programs.