Association between Urinary Levels of Interleukin-6, Interleukin-10 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha with Glomerular and Tubular Damage Indicators in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: This study investigated the association between urinary levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (uACR), and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: Urinary concentrations of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, ACR, and NGAL were measured in 121 patients with T2D.

Results: Urinary IL-6 and TNF-α increased 45.

Functional and biochemical adaptations of elite level futsal players from Brazil along a training season.

Background And Objective: Although hard training is mandatory in elite level futsal training, few studies have proposed a biochemical follow up in futsal players during a whole season. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare functional and biochemical markers in Brazilian elite level futsal players throughout a competition season.

Materials And Methods: Eight players aged 25.

Nanoparticle formulation increases Syzygium cumini antioxidant activity in Candida albicans-infected diabetic rats.

Context: Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Myrtaceae) is a medicinal plant widely used in folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). However, studies on the use of this plant and of nanoparticle formulations against DM-related fungal infections are scarce.

Evaluation of the In Vitro Interference of Hemoglobin, Lipids, and Bilirubin on the Measurement of Plasma Advanced Oxidation Protein Products.

Background: The pre-analytical phase is the most vulnerable and contributes to the majority of errors in laboratory assays. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro interference of hemoglobin, lipids, and bilirubin on measurement of plasma advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs).

Methods: AOPPs were measured in a sample spiked with increasing concentrations of hemoglobin, Intralipid® 20% or bilirubin.

Urinary inflammatory cytokines as indicators of kidney damage in type 2 diabetic patients.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate whether urinary levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) are altered in normoalbuminuric patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and whether these cytokines are able to identify diabetic kidney disease (DKD) among these patients.

Methods: This study included 125 T2DM patients classified into 3 groups according to urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (uACR): uACR <10mg/g creatinine, uACR 10-30mg/g creatinine and uACR >30mg/g creatinine. Urinary inflammatory cytokines were measured.

In Vitro Oxidation of Collagen Promotes the Formation of Advanced Oxidation Protein Products and the Activation of Human Neutrophils.

The accumulation of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) has been linked to several pathological conditions. Here, we investigated collagen as a potential source for AOPP formation and determined the effects of hypochlorous acid (HOCl)-treated collagen (collagen-AOPPs) on human neutrophil activity. We also assessed whether alpha-tocopherol could counteract these effects.

Cholinesterase of rats experimentally infected by Cryptococcus neoformans: Relationship between inflammatory response and pathological findings.

The aim of this study was to assess the role of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) as biomarkers of inflammation and tissue injury on rats experimentally infected by Cryptococcus neoformans. For this purpose, 20 male rats were divided into two groups: 10 animals representing the uninfected control group (Group A) and 10 C. neoformans var.

Oxidative stress associated with pathological lesions in the liver of rats experimentally infected by Fasciola hepatica.

The aim of this study was to analyze the antioxidant status and oxidative profile in serum and liver of rats experimentally infected with Fasciola hepatica and its relationship with pathological findings. Twenty-four rats were divided into two groups: group A consisted of 12 healthy rats and group B of 12 rats infected orally with 20 metacercaria of F. hepatica.

Dose finding of 3'deoxyadenosine and deoxycoformycin for the treatment of Trypanosoma evansi infection: An effective and nontoxic dose.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of using 3'deoxyadenosine (Cordycepin - adenosine analogue) combined with deoxycoformycin (Pentostatin - an adenosine deaminase inhibitor) in mice infected with Trypanosoma evansi. We show that the combination of Cordycepin (2.0 mg kg(-1)) and Pentostatin (0.

Genoprotective and hepatoprotective effects of Guarana (Paullinia cupana Mart. var. sorbilis) on CCl4-induced liver damage in rats.

Context: Several biological effects of Paullinia cupana (guarana) have been demonstrated, but little information is available on its effects on the liver.

Objective: The current study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective and genoprotective effects of powder seeds from guarana on CCl4-induced liver injury in rats.

Materials And Methods: Male Wistar rats were pretreated with guarana powder (100, 300 and 600 mg/kg) or silymarin 100 mg/kg daily for 14 days before treatment with a single dose of CCl4 (50% CCl4, 1 mL/kg, intraperitoneally).

Relationship between blood metals and inflammation in taxi drivers.

Background: Cardiovascular disease is a cause of concern in public health worldwide, reinforcing the need for studies related to the identification of potential agents that contribute to the inflammation process and atherosclerosis. This study aimed to evaluate whether metals are associated with inflammatory and kidney damage and could contribute to the atherosclerosis process.

Methods: Blood metals, inflammatory markers, homocysteine, antioxidants and renal markers were measured in 42 taxi drivers and 27 controls (non-occupationally exposed).

Iron metabolism in hamsters experimentally infected with Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona: influence on disease pathogenesis.

The aim of this study was to analyze the classic iron markers associated to the storage process in hamsters experimentally infected by Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona. Four groups with six hamsters each were used; two were negative controls (C7 and C14) and two were composed by infected animals (T7 and T14). Blood samples were collected on the seventh (C7 and T7) and fourteenth days (C14 and T14) post-inoculation.

Prognostic value of red blood cell distribution width in prediction of in-hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Background: Red blood cell indices may add important prognostic information to risk stratification scores, such as Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk score. However, the incremental predictive value of red blood cell distribution width (RDW) on this score has not been assessed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess whether the RDW has additional prognostic value on the GRACE risk score in prediction of in-hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Influence of toxoplasmosis on acetylcholinesterase activity, nitric oxide levels and cellular lesion on the brain of mice.

The objective of this study was to investigate the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), nitrite/nitrate (NOx) levels, as well as the biomarkers of cellular damage in the brain of mice experimentally infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Sixty mice were divided into two experiments: in experiment I the mice were infected with T. gondii/RH strain, while in experiment II they were infected with T.

Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii: relationship between hepatic lesions, cytological and biochemical analysis of the cavitary liquid during the acute phase of the diseases in experimental models.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the pathogenesis of ascites in mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii and gerbils infected with Neospora caninum during the acute phase disease. For that, 12 gerbils [Experiment I: not infected/control (n=6) and infected (n=6)] and 12 mice [Experiment II: control (n=6) and infected (n=6)] were used. Infected gerbils and mice showed marked ascites on days 5-7 post-infection (PI), while the not-infected animals had not ascites.

Serum levels of LH, FSH, estradiol and progesterone in female rats experimentally infected by Trypanosoma evansi.

The goal of this study was to evaluate reproductive hormones in sera samples of female rats experimentally infected by Trypanosoma evansi during different phases of the estrous cycle. For that, 64 animals were divided into two groups: 24 rats for the control group (uninfected), and 40 animals were infected by T. evansi.

Diabetic nephropathy: traditional to proteomic markers.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the major microvascular complications of diabetes and it is defined as a rise in the urinary albumin excretion (UAE) rate and abnormal renal function. Currently, changes in albuminuria are considered a hallmark of onset or progression of DN. However, some patients with diabetes have advanced renal pathological changes and progressive kidney function decline even if urinary albumin levels are in the normal range, indicating that albuminuria is not the perfect marker for the early detection of DN.

Increased cytokine and nitric oxide levels in serum of dogs experimentally infected with Rangelia vitalii.

This study aimed to measure the levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and nitrite/nitrate (NO x ) in serum of dogs experimentally infected with Rangelia vitalii. Twelve female mongrel dogs were divided into 2 groups; group A (uninfected controls) composed by healthy dogs (n=5) and group B consisting of dogs inoculated with R. vitalii (n=7).

Plasma malondialdehyde levels and risk factors for the development of chronic complications in type 2 diabetic patients on insulin therapy.

Background: We assessed plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as a biomarker of lipid peroxidation in type 2 diabetic patients on insulin therapy. Associations among MDA levels and some risk factors for the development of chronic complications of diabetes were also evaluated.

Methods: MDA, fasting glucose, fructosamine, urinary albumin, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, uric acid, serum albumin, lactate, high sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP), and vitamin E were measured in 53 type 2 diabetic patients and 26 healthy subjects.

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate and N-acetylcysteine attenuate the formation of advanced oxidation protein products, a new class of inflammatory mediators, in vitro.

The accumulation of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) has been linked to several pathological conditions. Previous studies have identified AOPP as a novel biomarker of oxidative damage to proteins and a novel class of mediator of inflammation. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as well as the synergistic effect of both treatments on the formation of AOPP in vitro.

Nitric oxide level, protein oxidation and antioxidant enzymes in rats infected by Trypanosoma evansi.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the nitric oxide (NO()) level, protein oxidation and antioxidant enzymes in rats infected with Trypanosoma evansi and establish the association of NO() levels with the degree of parasitemia. Thirty-six male rats (Wistar) were divided into two groups with 18 animals each. Group A was not infected while Group B was intraperitoneally infected, receiving 7.