Multilevel challenges to equitable inclusion of children in trials when parents use languages other than English: A qualitative report from Children's Oncology Group's Diversity and Health Disparities Committee Language Equity Working Group.

Background: Increasing representation in clinical trials is a priority for the National Cancer Institute and Children's Oncology Group (COG). Our survey of COG-affiliated institutions revealed that many sites have insufficient processes and resources to enroll children whose parents use languages other than English (LOE). We describe reported barriers and facilitators to enrolling children in clinical trials when parents use LOE and propose opportunities for improvement.

Eating on the move: experiences of food insecurity and hunger during overland transit through Mexico.

Objective: To explore migrants' experiences of food insecurity during their overland transit through Mexico, using qualitative methods.

Methods: We conducted a qualitative study (May - July 2016) of 26 Central American migrants in a migrant shelter in San Luis Potosí, México. The semi structured interview explored four domains of food insecurity: 1) availability; 2) accessibility; 3) utilization (eating practices and consumption; and 4) stability (experiencing hunger).

Clinical trial recruitment of people who speak languages other than English: a Children's Oncology Group report.

Background: Persons who speak languages other than English are underrepresented in clinical trials, likely in part because of inadequate multilevel resources. We conducted a survey of institutions affiliated with the Children's Oncology Group (COG) to characterize current research recruitment practices and resources regarding translation and interpretation services.

Methods: In October 2022, a 20-item survey was distributed electronically to institutions affiliated with COG to assess consent practices and resources for recruiting participants who speak languages other than English to COG trials.

Solidarity through food: Coping with food insecurity among adolescent migrants in transit through Mexico and Central America.

Background: The food choices of migrants are frequently limited by lack of access to sufficient and adequate food. Food insecurity (FI) during adolescence has potential negative health consequences, however the experiences of FI of adolescent in-transit migrants have seldom been reported.

Objective: To explore the experiences of FI of adolescent in-transit migrants and their ways of coping with it.

Linkages between maternal experience of intimate partner violence and child nutrition outcomes: A rapid evidence assessment.

Background: A strong evidence base indicates that maternal caregivers' experience of intimate partner violence [IPV] impacts children's health, cognitive development, and risk-taking behaviors. Our objective was to review peer-reviewed literature describing the associations between a child's indirect exposure to IPV and corresponding nutrition outcomes, with a particular focus on fragile settings in low and middle-income countries [LMICs].

Methods: We conducted a rapid evidence assessment to synthesize quantitative associations between maternal caregivers' IPV experience and children's nutrition/growth outcomes (birthweight, feeding, and growth indicators).

Childhood Cancer Death When Life Transpires Where High Childhood Poverty Has Persisted for Decades.

It is increasingly clear that social determinants of health impact health, well-being, and quality of life. How these factors can impact cancer-related mortality has only recently included the impact on childhood cancer mortality. Hoppman and colleagues examined the impact of historically prevalent poverty on children with cancer in Alabama, a state with elevated pediatric poverty.

Childhood and adolescent nutrition outcomes among girls exposed to gender-based violence: A rapid evidence assessment of quantitative research.

Background: An emerging evidence base has explored the nutritional consequences of gender-based violence (GBV) perpetrated against girls during childhood/adolescence. We conducted a rapid evidence assessment of quantitative studies describing associations between GBV and girls' nutrition.

Methods: We adapted systematic review methods and included empirical, peer-reviewed studies, published after 2000 (until November, 2022), that were written in Spanish or English and reported quantitative associations between girls' exposure to GBV and nutrition outcomes.

Household composition after resettlement and emotional health in adolescent migrants.

Background: Migration during adolescence constitutes an important stressor that particularly impacts unaccompanied minors (UAM). Adolescent UAM in the United States (U.S.

Food insecurity and coping strategies in international migrants in transit through Mexico.

Background: Although migrants in transit through Mexico have been known to consume insufficient food, data measuring food insecurity (FI) in this vulnerable population is scarce. This study assesses FI in migrants transiting Mexico by examining economic, physical and social food access.

Methods: Using a mixed-methods design and a convenience sample of migrants residing in a temporary shelter in Saltillo, Coahuila in northern Mexico, we applied 1) the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (adapted), and 2) a semi-structured interview exploring FI coping strategies.

Burkitt Lymphoma After Cardiac Transplantation: Therapeutic Considerations.

Postsolid organ transplant Burkitt lymphoma (PSOT-BL) is rare but more aggressive than other post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD). Little is known about optimal treatment and outcome of postcardiac transplant Burkitt lymphoma (BL). We report an 8-year-old boy with a history of heart transplant who developed Epstein-Barr virus positive, late-onset PSOT-BL.

Migrants on the Move and Food (In)security: A Call for Research.

Food insecurity contributes to negative outcomes for health and wellbeing, and its impact may be exacerbated during periods of vulnerability. While food insecurity is both a driver and a consequence of migration, anecdotal evidence indicates that it is also common during migration when people are 'on the move', although its prevalence and severity during these periods are largely undocumented. Food security monitoring is critical to ensuring the universal right to food for migrants, and instruments must be designed which capture the unique challenges faced during these 'extra-ordinary' periods of mobility, including in the context of emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

Association between Predictors of Vitamin D Serum Levels and Risk of Retinoblastoma in Children: A Case-Control Study.

Background: vitamin D (VD) may be a protective factor for retinoblastoma, though no temporal association has been reported during pregnancy or the child's first year of life. Serum VD concentrations are determined by both distal (DF) and proximal factors (PF).

Objective: To identify if DF and PF can predict VD insufficiency (VDI) and VD deficiency (VDD) in women of childbearing age; and to test whether maternal exposure to DF and PF during pregnancy and a child's exposure during the first 11.

Benchmarking of provider competencies and current training for prevention and management of obesity among family medicine residency programs: a cross-sectional survey.

Background: U.S. physicians lack training in caring for patients with obesity.

Sunlight exposure in infancy decreases risk of sporadic retinoblastoma, extent of intraocular disease.

Background: Prior ecologic studies suggest that UV exposure through sunlight to the retina might contribute to increased retinoblastoma incidence.

Aims: Our study objectives were (1) to examine the relationship between exposure to sunlight during postnatal retinal development (prior to diagnosis of sporadic disease) and the risk of retinoblastoma, and (2) to examine the relationship between sun exposure during postnatal retinal development, and the extent of disease among children with unilateral and bilateral retinoblastoma.

Methods And Results: We interviewed 511 mothers in the EpiRbMx case-control study about their child's exposure to sunlight during postnatal retinal cell division by examining three time periods prior to Rtb diagnosis coinciding with developmental stages in which outdoor activities vary.

Joining Efforts for PTLD: Lessons Learned from Comparing the Approach and Treatment Strategies Across the Pediatric and Adult Age Spectra.

Purpose Of Review: Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders are a rare and heterogeneous group of diseases, where large prospective studies have been difficult to perform and treatment paradigms are often based on retrospective studies. Here, we critically analyze and present the clinical algorithms commonly used for this disease, with a special focus on the challenges and differences of the approaches in the adult and pediatric populations.

Recent Findings: Clinical trials exploring combinations of immunochemotherapies with a sequential and risk-stratified strategy have demonstrated exciting results, but are hampered from specialty and age-determined silos.

Relative Severity of Food Insecurity During Overland Migration in Transit Through Mexico.

Despite anecdotal reports of food insufficiency in the overland migration through Mexico, little is known about the frequency and extent of food insecurity during this transit. In a shelter in north central Mexico, we interviewed 95 Central American migrants traveling overland to the US regarding their experiences of food insecurity in transit. 74% experienced some degree of food insecurity, ranging from having only one meal to no food at all in one or several consecutive 24 h periods.

An overview of disparities in childhood cancer: Report on the Inaugural Symposium on Childhood Cancer Health Disparities, Houston, Texas, 2016.

The Inaugural Symposium on Childhood Cancer Health Disparities was held in Houston, Texas, on November 2, 2016. The symposium was attended by 109 scientists and clinicians from diverse disciplinary backgrounds with interests in pediatric cancer disparities and focused on reviewing our current knowledge of disparities in cancer risk and outcomes for select childhood cancers. Following a full day of topical sessions, everyone participated in a brainstorming session to develop a working strategy for the continued expansion of research in this area.

Classical Hodgkin lymphoma-type PTLD after solid organ transplantation in children: a report on 17 patients treated according to subsequent GPOH-HD treatment schedules.

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is a severe complication after solid organ transplantation (SOT). Classical Hodgkin lymphoma-type (HL-) PTLD is a rare subtype, and systematic data on treatment and prognosis are lacking. We report on 17 pediatric patients with classical HL-PTLD.