Development and validation of a pediatric internationally agreed ultrasound knee synovitis protocol (PIUS-knee) by the PReS imaging working party.

Objectives: To identify an optimal pediatric musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) protocol for the detection of knee arthritis in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) including a comparison with existing protocols. Secondary aims were to correlate MSUS-identified B-Mode (BM) and Power Doppler-Mode (PD) synovitis with clinical findings.

Methods: Consecutive JIA patients with confirmed knee arthritis after clinical examination underwent a thorough MSUS study protocol which included views identified and consented by the Pediatric Rheumatology european Society (PReS) Imaging Working Party for the detection of synovitis.

Infection with SARS-CoV-2 causes flares in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis in remission or inactive disease on medication.

Background: Flares of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) have been described in the context of various infections. Flares of rheumatic diseases in adults have been described following infection with SARS-CoV-2 in several cohorts. So far, the effect of infection with SARS-CoV-2 on the course of JIA is unknown.

Salivary gland ultrasound in the diagnostic workup of juvenile Sjögren's syndrome and mixed connective tissue disease.

Background: Juvenile Sjögren's Syndrome (jSS) is a rare phenomenon that may appear as primary jSS or associated with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) and other autoimmune diseases as secondary jSS. With currently no standard diagnostic procedures available, jSS in MCTD seems to be underdiagnosed. We intended to describe and identify similar distinct salivary gland ultrasound (SGUS) findings in a cohort of primary and secondary jSS patients, focusing on sicca like symptoms and glandular pain/swelling in the patients'history.

Correction to: Age dependent ultrasound B-mode findings of the elbow joint in healthy children and adolescents.

The Second author's name was incorrectly published in the original article. The correct name is Hartwig Wilhelm Lehmann.

Age dependent ultrasound B-mode findings of the elbow joint in healthy children and adolescents.

Due to maturation of joints, various changes take place, not only in the field of paediatric rheumatology but also in paediatric orthopaedics musculoskeletal ultrasound plays an important role in both the diagnosis and the follow-up of diseases in this field. To differentiate between physiological and pathological findings, the knowledge of reference values of joint structures is indispensable. The objective was to define B-mode ultrasound age- and sex-related reference values for the elbow joint in healthy children and adolescents during maturation.

Arthrosonographic Reference Values of the Shoulder Joint in Healthy Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Multicentre Ultrasound Study.

Unlabelled: Defining of gray scale ultrasound standard reference values of the shoulder joint in childhood and adolescence during maturation.

Patients: We examined 445 healthy girls and boys between 1 year and 18 years of age. A cross-sectional multicentre grey-scale ultrasound study was performed to examine the shoulder joint on both sides.

Age-dependent arthrosonographic reference values of the hip joint in healthy children and adolescents - a cross-sectional multicenter ultrasound study.

Background: Musculoskeletal US is a noninvasive imaging method for diagnosing and monitoring inflammatory rheumatic diseases.

Objectives: To develop age- and gender-related arthrosonographic reference intervals for the hip joint of healthy children and adolescents.

Materials And Methods: In a cross-sectional US study, we examined both hip joints of 445 children and adolescents with an age range of 1 year to 18 years.

Pediatric musculoskeletal ultrasound: age- and sex-related normal B-mode findings of the knee.

Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) is an important tool for evaluating disease activity, therapeutic progress, and remission status of rheumatic diseases in children. Knowledge of age-related normal findings is essential when interpreting pathological findings such as those seen in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. To evaluate normal findings of the knee joint, we recorded age-related stages of musculoskeletal development in the knee of 435 healthy children between 1 and 18 years of age using high-resolution B-mode MSUS.

A new form of shoulder dysplasia in an 11-year-old boy.

Pain and impaired function in the shoulder can result from a variety of conditions. Dysplasias of the shoulder girdle are usually asymptomatic; previous literature reports on shoulder malformation have focused on glenoid dysplasia or complete agenesis of the clavicle. We report the case of an 11 year old patient with severe shoulder pain after strenuous physical exercise.