The STEM leaky pipeline at labor market entry in Spain: The role of job competition and social origin.

The underrepresentation of women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) majors is well documented. Using high-quality Spanish data, this study examines whether female STEM graduates are less likely to pursue STEM careers than their male counterparts and considers the moderating role of labor market conditions and social origin. We find a pronounced gender effect in initial and subsequent job placement (4-5 years after graduation).

Unequal expectations? Testing decisional mechanisms for secondary effects of social origin.

It is a common research practice to decompose the effect of social origin on an educational expectation into a primary effect, via academic performance, and a secondary effect, computed as the inequality that survives the control of performance. In this paper, I examine how specific decisional mechanisms described in the Cultural Capital and Rational Action theories contribute to explain the inequalities that survive the control of performance in the configuration of educational expectations. Cultural Capital Theory argues that participation in the dominant culture at schools, the endowment of educational resources and the development of skill-generating habits contribute to holding ambitious expectations over and above performance.

Patterns of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use among transsexuals.

This study evaluated the patterns of substance use in a large sample of male-to-female (MtoF) and female-to-male (FtoM) transsexuals. A total of 251 transsexual subjects (163 MtoF and 88 FtoM), attended in the Catalonia Gender Unit, completed self-administrated questionnaires on consumption of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, cocaine, opioids, and designer drugs. Results were compared with the general population in Catalonia using data from the National Health Service (EDADES 2013 study).

Psychiatric Symptoms in Refractory Epilepsy During the First Year After Surgery.

Psychiatric morbidity in drug-resistant epilepsy is frequent. Surgery is the best therapeutic alternative for treating seizures, but the current evidence concerning the effects of surgery on psychiatric disorders (PDs) is inconclusive. We aim to clarify surgery's role in long-term PDs.

Mother-infant bonding in the postpartum period: assessment of the impact of pre-delivery factors in a clinical sample.

This study aims to examine the extent to which a variety of pre-delivery factors (demographic, reproductive, psychological, psychiatric, and psychopathological) predict disturbances in mother-infant bonding (MIB) in the postpartum period. Two hundred fifty-one pregnant women enrolled at a public perinatal psychiatric service were assessed between the first and second trimester of pregnancy and at 6-7 weeks after delivery. During pregnancy, the psychological risk factors were assessed with the Vulnerable Personality Style Questionnaire, the Marital Adjustment Scale, the Early Trauma Inventory, and the General Health Questionnaire.

A SIMPLE Pipeline for Mapping Point Mutations.

A forward genetic screen is one of the best methods for revealing the function of genes. In plants, this technique is highly efficient, as it is relatively easy to grow and screen hundreds or thousands of individuals. The cost efficiency and ease of data production afforded by next-generation sequencing have created new opportunities for rapid mapping of induced mutations.

A prospective study contrasting the psychiatric outcome in drug-resistant epilepsy between patients who underwent surgery and a control group.

Objective: Psychiatric morbidity in drug-resistant epilepsy is frequent and has a negative influence on quality of life. Surgery is proven to be the best therapeutic alternative for treating seizures. However, it is inconclusive with the current evidence whether surgery, per se, is a risk factor or promotes amelioration of psychiatric disorders.

Unique cell-type-specific patterns of DNA methylation in the root meristem.

DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that differs between plant organs and tissues, but the extent of variation between cell types is not known. Here, we report single-base-resolution whole-genome DNA methylomes, mRNA transcriptomes and small RNA transcriptomes for six cell populations covering the major cell types of the Arabidopsis root meristem. We identify widespread cell-type-specific patterns of DNA methylation, especially in the CHH sequence context, where H is A, C or T.

Assessment of psychometric properties of the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) in Spanish mothers.

The Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) was developed to assess mother-infant bonding disturbances in the postpartum period. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the PBQ in a sample of Spanish postpartum women. Eight hundred forty mothers were recruited in the postpartum visit (4-6 weeks after delivery): 513 from a gynecology unit (forming the general population sample) and 327 mothers from a perinatal psychiatry program (forming the clinical sample).

Maladaptive family dysfunction and parental death as risk markers of childhood abuse in women.

This study aims to examine the prevalence and characteristics of physical, emotional and sexual childhood abuse. It also examines whether other non-abuse types of childhood adversities related to maladaptive family functioning and separations during childhood can be used as markers for the presence of childhood abuse. Participants (N = 237) were women at 2-3 days after delivery that completed the Spanish-validated version of the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report (ETI-SR; Bremner, Bolus, & Mayer, 2007; Plaza et al.

Personality does not distinguish people with fibromyalgia but identifies subgroups of patients.

Objectives: The objectives were to compare the personality of fibromyalgia (FM) patients with other chronic painful and nonpainful disorders considering the confusion due to psychopathology and to assess the clustering of FM patients according to their personality profile.

Methods: Differences in the NEO Five-Factor Inventory between FM, non-FM chronic pain and drug-resistant epileptic patients were assessed including the confounding effect of demographics and psychopathological status by multivariate regression analysis. Clustering of FM patients was assessed by two-step cluster analysis.

[Core competencies in public health: a regional framework for the Americas].

The response is described to the 2010 call from the Pan American Health Organization to develop a Regional Framework on Core Competencies in Public Health, with a view to supporting the efforts of the countries in the Americas to build public health systems capacity as a strategy for optimal performance of the Essential Public Health Functions. The methodological process for the response was divided into four phases. In the first, a team of experts was convened who defined the methodology to be used during a workshop at the National Institute of Public Health of Mexico in 2010.

Dhat syndrome: a systematic review.

Background: Dhat syndrome is a widely recognized clinical condition often seen on the Indian subcontinent that is characterized by a preoccupation with semen loss in urine and other symptoms such as fatigue or depressed mood. Although it has been considered to be a culture-bound syndrome, it may also be regarded as a distinct manifestation of depression or another medical illness.

Objective: The purpose of this paper was to carry out a systematic review on Dhat syndrome.

Why people with fibromyalgia persist in activity despite the increasing pain? A Delphi Study of the content of the Clinic Scale of Persistence in Activity in Fibromyalgia.

Background And Objective: There is evidence of the relevance of fear, anxiety and avoidance of activity in the maintenance of pain in fibromyalgia. Recently, an opposite pattern based on the persistence in activity has been described. To date, the cognitions that impede modifying this pattern are unknown.

Interferon-induced depression in chronic hepatitis C: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To carry out a systematic review of the risk factors for, and incidence of, major depressive episode (MDE) related to antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C.

Data Sources: The MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Cochrane databases were searched to locate articles published from the earliest available online year until June 2011 using the keywords hepatitis C, interferon-alpha, peginterferon, pegylated interferon, depression, and mood and Boolean operators. Articles written in English, Spanish, and French were included.

Childhood physical abuse as a common risk factor for depression and thyroid dysfunction in the earlier postpartum.

Childhood abuse is a powerful risk factor for developing postpartum depression in adulthood, and recently it has been associated to thyroid dysfunction in postpartum depressive women. The purpose of this study was to investigated the effects of childhood abuse on thyroid status and depressive symptomatology in two hundred and thirty-six (n=236) postpartum women 24-48h after delivery. The Early-Trauma-Inventory Self-Report was used to assess the presence of childhood abuse and the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) to evaluate depressive symptomatology (EPDS≥11).

Perfectionism dimensions in major postpartum depression.

Background: Although perfectionism from a multidimensional perspective has generally been associated with depressive illness, there are not many studies on its role in major depression in the postnatal period. The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between perfectionism dimensions using the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS) and major postpartum depression.

Methods: One-hundred-twenty-two women with major postpartum depression (SCID-I; DSM-IV) and 115 healthy postpartum women were evaluated using the FMPS, an instrument for the assessment of six perfectionism dimensions: concern over mistakes, personal standards, parental expectations, parental criticism, doubt about actions and organisation.

[Validation and comparison of four instruments to detect partner violence in health-care setting].

Background And Objectives: To validate four instruments to detect domestic violence in health-care settings against external criteria -Index of Spouse Abuse (ISA), Psychological Maltreatment of Women Inventory short form (PMWI-SF), Woman Abuse Screening Tool (WAST), Partner Violence Screen (PVS)- and to assess the concordance and compare the diagnostic accuracy.

Subjects And Method: This was a case-control study. The study sample was recruited from primary care and domestic violence centers.

Depersonalization and personality in panic disorder.

Background: Prevalence and clinical correlates of depersonalization symptoms have been associated with panic disorder. Personality traits might increase the likelihood of experiencing depersonalization symptoms or depersonalization disorder in panic patients.

Aims: The objectives of this study are to establish the prevalence of depersonalization symptoms during the panic attack and in depersonalization disorder and to examine the personality factors associated with the presence of depersonalization in patients with panic disorder.

Validation and test-retest reliability of Early Trauma Inventory in Spanish postpartum women.

The aims were to study the validity and test-retest reliability of the Early Trauma Inventory-Self Report (ETI-SR) and its short-form (ETI-SF), which retrospectively assess different childhood trauma, in a sample of Spanish postpartum women. A total of 227 healthy postpartum women completed the ETI-SR and ETI-SF. The longitudinal, expert, all data procedure was used as the external criterion for the assessment of childhood trauma.

The Vulnerable Personality Style Questionnaire: psychometric properties in Spanish postpartum women.

The Vulnerable Personality Style Questionnaire (VPSQ) is a nine-item self-report scale developed to asses personality traits which increase the risk of postpartum depression. The aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the VPSQ in a sample of postpartum women. A cohort of 309 postpartum women was followed up for 32 weeks after delivery.

The Symptom Checklist-Revised (SCL-90-R) is able to discriminate between simulation and fibromyalgia.

This study assessed the ability of the Symptom Checklist-Revised (SCL-90-R) to discriminate between two groups of fibromyalgia patients (those who were about to begin a treatment including the explicit aim of returning to work and those who were initiating a legal procedure to obtain permanent disability compensation) and two groups of healthy volunteers (medical students and psychology graduates), who were asked to produce a symptomatic resemblance to a chronic pain disorder. Logistic regression analyses were applied to the SCL-90-R subscales and individual probabilistic indices of simulation were calculated. Results showed that the SCL-90-R was able to discriminate between healthy subjects and both groups of patients with a high sensitivity and specificity.

Increased glutamate/glutamine compounds in the brains of patients with fibromyalgia: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.

Objective: Fibromyalgia (FM) has been defined as a systemic disorder that is clinically characterized by pain, cognitive deficit, and the presence of associated psychopathology, all of which are suggestive of a primary brain dysfunction. This study was undertaken to identify the nature of this cerebral dysfunction by assessing the brain metabolite patterns in patients with FM through magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) techniques.

Methods: A cohort of 28 female patients with FM and a control group of 24 healthy women of the same age were studied.

Childhood sexual abuse and hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis in postpartum major depression.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between early life events in women with postpartum major depression and concomitant hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis disturbances (HPTD), thyroid dysfunction or presence of thyroid antibodies.

Methods: Serum total tri-iodothyronine (TT3), free thyroxin (FT4), Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), Thyroperoxidasa (TPOAb) and Thyroglobulin (TGAb) autoantibodies was measured in 103 major postpartum depressive women. HPTD was defined as TSH and/or T4 abnormal, presence of thyroid autoantibodies and alterations of TT3.