A European, Observational, 3-Year Cohort Comparative Study on the Safety of the Fixed Dose Combination Pravastatin 40 mg/Fenofibrate 160 mg vs. Statin Alone in Real Clinical Practice: The POSE Study.

Background And Purpose: The aim of the study was to provide valuable real-world long-term safety data of the fixed pravastatin 40 mg/fenofibrate 160 mg combination in comparison of monotherapy with statins of moderate intensity.

Materials And Methods: POSE study was an observational, comparative study conducted in three European countries. Patients treated or planned to be treated with pravastatin 40 mg/fenofibrate 160 mg or with a moderate-intensity statin in monotherapy were assessed over 3 years.

PCSK9 inhibitors on the management of primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention.

Background: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) have represented an important change in the management of hypercholesterolemia, although, until now, they have barely been used. Without PCSK9i, many patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) or those at very high risk do not reach their therapeutic LDLc objectives.

Objective: The analysis aimed to examine the clinical and biochemical characteristics of subjects receiving PCSK9i treatment in the Dyslipidemia Registry of the Spanish Atherosclerosis Society.

Resilient Older Subjects with Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Baseline Differences and Associated Factors.

Despite elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, some older subjects with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) do not develop atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) during their lifetime. The factors related to this resilient state have not been fully established. The aim of this study was to evaluate differential characteristics between older HeFH subjects with and without ACVD and factors associated with the presence of ACVD.

Consensus on lipoprotein(a) of the Spanish Society of Arteriosclerosis. Literature review and recommendations for clinical practice.

The irruption of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) in the study of cardiovascular risk factors is perhaps, together with the discovery and use of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (iPCSK9) inhibitor drugs, the greatest novelty in the field for decades. Lp(a) concentration (especially very high levels) has an undeniable association with certain cardiovascular complications, such as atherosclerotic vascular disease (AVD) and aortic stenosis. However, there are several current limitations to both establishing epidemiological associations and specific pharmacological treatment.

Atherogenic dyslipidaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus: The PREDISAT study.

Extremely variable prevalence rates of atherogenic dyslipidaemia (AD) in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) subjects have been reported. The primary aim was to assess AD prevalence in Spanish T2DM subjects. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the differential clinical characteristics between T2DM subjects with and without AD, to describe lipid profile evolution and use of lipid-lowering treatment in clinical practice by the Spanish Lipid Units.

Effect of newer antihyperglycemic drugs on liver steatosis indices in patients with diabetes and obesity.

Aim: To assess the efficacy of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors agonist (GLP-1RA) therapy on liver steatosis measured by fatty liver index (FLI) and hepatic steatosis index (HSI) at 26 weeks in outpatients with diabetes and obesity.

Methods: Observational, prospective, multicenter study. Patients with steatosis determined by FLI (values <30 rule out and >60 indicate steatosis) and HIS (values <30 rule out and >36 indicate steatosis) who received combination therapy were included.

Impact of statin therapy on LDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels in subjects with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia.

Background And Aims: Cardiovascular risk in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) is driven by LDL cholesterol levels. Since lipid response to statin therapy presents individual variation, this study aimed to compare mean LDL and non-HDL cholesterol reductions and their variability achieved with different types and doses of the most frequently prescribed statins.

Methods And Results: Among primary hypercholesterolaemia cases on the Spanish Arteriosclerosis Society registry, 2894 with probable/definite HeFH and complete information on drug therapy and lipid profile were included.

LDL Cholesterol Reduction Variability with Different Types and Doses of Statins in Monotherapy or Combined with Ezetimibe. Results from the Spanish Arteriosclerosis Society Dyslipidaemia Registry.

Purpose: Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol reduction by statin therapy is dose-dependent, varies among different statins, and has wide inter-individual variability. The present study aimed to compare mean LDL cholesterol reduction and its variability achieved with different doses of the three statins most frequently used in monotherapy or combined with ezetimibe in a real clinical setting.

Methods: Of 5620 cases with primary hypercholesterolemia on the Spanish Arteriosclerosis Society Registry, 1004 with non-familial hypercholesterolemia and complete information on drug therapy and lipid profile were included.

Maternally inherited hypercholesterolemia does not modify the cardiovascular phenotype in familial hypercholesterolemia.

Background And Aims: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a codominant autosomal disease characterized by a high risk of cardiovascular disease when not in lipid-lowering treatment. However, there is a large variability in the clinical presentation in heterozygous subjects (HeFH). Maternal hypercholesterolemia has been proposed as a cardiometabolic risk factor later in life.

Behavioural cardiovascular risk factors and prevalence of diabetes in subjects with familial hypercholesterolaemia.

A low prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus has been reported in familial hypercholesterolaemia. Whether a healthier lifestyle could explain it has not been explored. This cross-sectional study determines the prevalence of lifestyle-related cardiovascular risk factors in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) from the Dyslipidaemia Registry of the Spanish Atherosclerosis Society and in the ENRICA study, a representative sample of the adult Spanish general population, weighted to match the age and sex distribution of the HeFH sample.

Clinical and genetic differences between heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia patients with and without type 2 diabetes.

Introduction And Objectives: The lower prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) could explain why T2DM has not always been identified as an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in different familial hypercholesterolemia cohort studies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate clinical and genetic aspects of HeFH patients with T2DM in the dyslipidemia registry of the Spanish Arteriosclerosis Society.

Methods: HeFH patients were classified according to the presence or absence of T2DM.

Effect of lipid-lowering treatment in cardiovascular disease prevalence in familial hypercholesterolemia.

Background And Aims: The impact on heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) health led by high-intensity lipid-lowering therapy (HILLT) is unknown, and the question remains if there is still an unacceptably high residual risk to justify treatment with new lipid-lowering drugs.

Methods: This observational, retrospective, multicenter, national study in Spain, whose information was obtained from a national dyslipemia registry, was designed to establish the current prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in HeFH and to define the impact of HILLT on CVD in this population. Odds were estimated using several logistic regression models with progressive adjustment.

Criteria for referring patients to Spanish Atherosclerosis Society lipid units.

The Spanish Arteriosclerosis Society has accredited more than 70 lipid units across the country. The main criteria for patients to be referred to these units are presented. These are not only grouped by the type of dyslipidaemia or the lipid levels, but also on certain clinical characteristics suggesting primary hyperlipidaemia, a complex diagnosis, or difficult management due to inefficacy, or side effects.

How many familial hypercholesterolemia patients are eligible for PCSK9 inhibition?

Background And Aims: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a high cardiovascular risk condition. Less than 20% of patients achieve the LDL targets. Although PCSK9 inhibitors improve control and reduce cardiovascular events, official recommendations for their use are restrictive.

[Risk of pharmacological interactions due to the co-administration of statins and cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 3A4-metabolized drugs: multicentre, crossover study].

Background And Objectives: Statins are safe but have a significant potential for pharmacological interactions. The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of potential interactions throughout the cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 3A4 (CYP3A4) system in a large sample of statin-treated subjects and to determine which factors, from the patient and the physician, were associated with a higher risk of interactions.

Patients And Methods: This is an observational, cross-over, population study that included 7,880 subjects treated with statins.

[Prevalence of asymptomatic peripheral artery disease detected by the ankle-brachial index in patients with cardiovascular disease. MERITO II study].

Background And Objective: Patients with polyvascular disease have an increased rate of cardiovascular events and death. Their identification would define a subgroup of the population at very high risk, who would be candidates to intensified preventive measures. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of subclinical peripheral artery disease in subjects with a previous diagnosis of vascular disease in other territories.

Screening of APOB gene mutations in subjects with clinical diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia.

Monogenic hypercholesterolemia is a group of lipid disorders, most of which have autosomal dominant transmission. Familial defective apoB (FDB) resulting from mutations in the APOB gene is a well-recognized cause of autosomal dominant monogenic hypercholesterolemia (ADMH). However, the frequency of FDB among patients with ADMH is not well established.