A review of L. genus (Moraceae): a source of bioactive compounds for health and disease. Part 1.

The L. genus, belonging to the Moraceae family, includes around 850 species that are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions around the world; including the Eastern Mediterranean, Asia, Africa, Australia, and a large territory of America. Among the most important species are , , , , , Vahl, , , , and .

Effect of fluoride-induced testicular alteration in rats fed a high-fat diet.

Previous research on the well-known environmental pollutant fluoride has demonstrated that fluoride exposure can lead to oxidative stress-related male infertility. Obesity is another public health issue that has a detrimental impact on male fertility. Previously, findings on fluoride toxicity in high-fat diet (HFD) conditions associated with oxidative stress have been evidenced.

Icariin as a Treatment Proposal in Mammalian Reproduction.

Icariin (ICA), one of the main active components of , is a natural prenylated flavonol glycoside that possesses a wide range of pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, antiosteoporotic, anti-aging, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, antitumor, and aphrodisiac effects, and prevents numerous health disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, cancer, sexual dysfunction, menstrual disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, asthma, chronic inflammation, and diabetes. In the reproductive system, it has been observed that ICA may play a role in preserving fertility by regulating different signalling pathways, such as PI3K/AKT, which improves ovarian function, and ERα/Nrf2, which enhances testicular function and prevents ROS generation. In contrast, regulating the NF/kB signalling pathway causes anti-inflammatory effects, reducing spontaneous abortions.

Evaluation of the Antigenotoxic Potential of Two Types of Chayote () Juices.

(Jacq.) Swartz is a perennial herbaceous climbing plant with tendrils and tuberous roots belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family. Its fruits ("chayote"), stems, roots, and leaves are edible and are commonly ingested by humans.

A Mini-Review of Enteroaggregative with a Specific Target on the Virulence Factors Controlled by the AggR Master Regulator.

Enteroaggregative (EAEC) strains have been linked to several outbreaks of severe diarrhea around the world, and this bacterium is now commonly resistant to antibiotics. As part of the pathophysiology of EAEC, the characteristic pattern of adherence looks like stacked bricks on the intestinal epithelium. This phenotype depends on an aggregative adhesion plasmid (pAA), which codes for a regulatory protein named AggR.

spp. in Human Health: A Comprehensive Summary on Its Pharmacological, Therapeutic and Preventive Properties. Part 2.

Plants of the genus spp are widely distributed in Africa, Asia, Australia and America. Specifically, Mexico has the largest number of wild species; mainly , , , and . The latter being the most cultivated and domesticated species.

Potential protective effect of beta-caryophyllene against cadmium chloride-induced damage to the male reproductive system in mouse.

Cadmium is a metal that can affect the male reproductive process, possibly leading to infertility. In contrast, beta-caryophyllene (BC) is a sesquiterpene that has shown antigenotoxic, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the protective effect of BC against the deleterious effects of cadmium chloride (CC) on various mouse testicular and sperm parameters.

Comparison of the Antibacterial Activity and Effect on Membrane Permeability of Hibiscus Acid and a Commercial Chlorhexidine Mouthrinse Against Pathogenic Oral Bacteria and Determination of Hibiscus Acid Toxicity.

The main aim of this study was to determine and compare the antimicrobial effect of hibiscus acid and a commercial 0.12% (w/v) chlorhexidine mouthrinse against , , , and , and to determine the effect on bacterial cell membrane permeability and the toxicity of hibiscus acid in a mouse model. Hibiscus acid was obtained from acetone extract of calyces.

Risk patterns in food addiction: a Mexican population approach.

Background: Food addiction (FA) is a construct that has gained interest in recent years but its relevance in Mexican population is still unexplored.

Aims: The present study has the aims of explore FA in a community of Mexican population, as well as identifying the risk patterns associated with it, in relation to the different etiological factors that have been described such as impulsivity, emotional regulation and eating styles. Furthermore, to identify a predictive model of FA severity.

Asthma: New Integrative Treatment Strategies for the Next Decades.

Asthma is a chronic disease whose main anatomical-functional alterations are grouped into obstruction, nonspecific bronchial hyperreactivity, inflammation and airway remodeling. Currently, the Global Initiative of Asthma 2020 (GINA 2020) suggests classifying it into intermittent cases, slightly persistent, moderately persistent and severely persistent, thus determining the correct guidelines for its therapy. In general, the drugs used for its management are divided into two groups, those with a potential bronchodilator and the controlling agents of inflammation.

Organic Acids from Roselle ( L.)-A Brief Review of Its Pharmacological Effects.

Roselle ( L.), also known as jamaica in Spanish, is a perennial plant that grows in tropical and subtropical regions, including China, Egypt, Indonesia, Mexico, Nigeria, Thailand, and Saudi Arabia. It has a long history of uses, mainly focused on culinary, botanical, floral, cosmetic, and medicinal uses.

Molecular Characterization of SehB, a Type II Antitoxin of Serotype Typhimurium: Amino Acid Residues Involved in DNA-Binding, Homodimerization, Toxin Interaction, and Virulence.

serotype Typhimurium is a bacterium that causes gastroenteritis and diarrhea in humans. The genome of Typhimurium codes for diverse virulence factors, among which are the toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems. SehAB is a type II TA, where SehA is the toxin and SehB is the antitoxin.

Exposure of Fluoride with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Aggravates Testicular Damage and Spermatozoa Parameters in Mice.

Diabetes mellitus is the most common chronic disease worldwide that causes numerous complications, including male infertility. The prevalence of DM is 451 million people and estimated that would increase to 693 million in 2045. Fluorosis caused by drinking water contaminated with inorganic fluoride is a public health problem in many areas around the world.

Garlic ( L.): A Brief Review of Its Antigenotoxic Effects.

Traditional Medicine/Complementary and Alternative Medicine is a practice that incorporates medicine based on plants, animals, and minerals for diagnosing, treating, and preventing certain diseases, including chronic degenerative diseases such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Different factors generate its continued acceptance, highlighting its diversity, easy access, low cost, and the presence of relatively few adverse effects and, importantly, a high possibility of discovering antigenotoxic agents. In this regard, it is known that the use of different antigenotoxic agents is an efficient alternative to preventing human cancer and that, in general, these can act by means of a combination of various mechanisms of action and against one or various mutagens and/or carcinogens.

Evidence of Some Natural Products with Antigenotoxic Effects. Part 2: Plants, Vegetables, and Natural Resin.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The agents capable of causing damage to genetic material are known as genotoxins and, according to their mode of action, are classified into mutagens, carcinogens, or teratogens. Genotoxins are also involved in the pathogenesis of several chronic degenerative diseases, including hepatic, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular disorders; diabetes; arthritis; cancer; chronic inflammation; and ageing.

Evidence of Some Natural Products with Antigenotoxic Effects. Part 1: Fruits and Polysaccharides.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of deaths worldwide. The agents capable of causing damage to genetic material are known  as genotoxins and, according to their mode of action, are classified into mutagens, carcinogens or teratogens. Genotoxins are  involved in the pathogenesis of several chronic degenerative diseases including hepatic, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular  disorders, diabetes, arthritis, cancer, chronic inflammation and ageing.

Exposure to bisphenol A in young adult mice does not alter ovulation but does alter the fertilization ability of oocytes.

Follicle growth culminates in ovulation, which allows for the expulsion of fertilizable oocytes and the formation of corpora lutea. Bisphenol A (BPA) is present in many consumer products, and it has been suggested that BPA impairs ovulation; however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Therefore, this study first evaluated whether BPA alters ovulation by affecting folliculogenesis, the number of corpora lutea or eggs shed to the oviduct, ovarian gonadotropin responsiveness, hormone levels, and estrous cyclicity.

Prevention of Aflatoxin B₁-Induced DNA Breaks by β-D-Glucan.

Aflatoxins are a group of naturally-occurring carcinogens that are known to contaminate different human and animal foodstuffs. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most genotoxic hepatocarcinogenic compound of all of the aflatoxins. In this report, we explore the capacity of β-D-glucan (Glu) to reduce the DNA damage induced by AFB1 in mouse hepatocytes.

Effects of Heliopsis longipes ethanolic extract on mouse spermatozoa in vitro.

Context: Heliopsis longipes (A. Gray) Blake (Asteraceae), a plant native to Mexico, is used in traditional medicine as analgesic and microbicide. The main component in the H.

Cytotoxic and antiproliferative effect of tepary bean lectins on C33-A, MCF-7, SKNSH, and SW480 cell lines.

For many years, several studies have been employing lectin from vegetables in order to prove its toxic effect on various cell lines. In this work, we analyzed the cytotoxic, antiproliferative, and post-incubatory effect of pure tepary bean lectins on four lines of malignant cells: C33-A; MCF-7; SKNSH, and SW480. The tests were carried out employing MTT and 3[H]-thymidine assays.

Methamidophos alters sperm function and DNA at different stages of spermatogenesis in mice.

Methamidophos (MET) is a highly toxic organophosphate (OP) pesticide that is widely used in developing countries. MET has male reproductive effects, including decreased fertility. We evaluated MET effects on sperm quality, fertilization and DNA integrity, exploring the sensitivity of different stages of spermatogenesis.

Protective effect of resveratrol on biomarkers of oxidative stress induced by iron/ascorbate in mouse spermatozoa.

Resveratrol (RVT) is a polyphenolic compound found mainly in the grape and attributed with various pharmacological properties, among them their antioxidant activity. In the present study, we assess the antioxidant activity of resveratrol on oxidative damage induced by ferrous iron/ascorbate (100 µM/150 µM) in sperm of CD1+ mice. We evaluated several parameters in spermatozoa treated with or without resveratrol: (i) sperm quality analysis; (ii) mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δѱm); (iii) ROS generation; (iv) superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity; (v) glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity; (vi) lipid peroxidation; (vii) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) capability.

Role of ATP-sensitive K+ channels in the antinociception induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in streptozotocin-diabetic and non-diabetic rats.

There is evidence that systemic sulfonylureas block diclofenac-induced antinociception in normal rat, suggesting that diclofenac activates ATP-sensitive K(+) channels. However, there is no evidence for the systemic interaction between different non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and sulfonylureas in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. Therefore, this work was undertaken to determine whether two sulfonylureas, glibenclamide and glipizide, have any effect on the systemic antinociception that is induced by diclofenac (30 mg/kg), lumiracoxib (56 mg/kg), meloxicam (30 mg/kg), metamizol (56 mg/kg) and indomethacin (30 mg/kg) using the non-diabetic and STZ-diabetic rat formalin test.

Investigation on the protective effects of cranberry against the DNA damage induced by benzo[a]pyrene.

There are few reports that demonstrate the antigenotoxic potential of cranberries. Although the types of berry fruits consumed worldwide are many, this paper focuses on cranberries that are commonly consumed in Mexico (Vaccinium macrocarpon species). The purpose of the present study is to determine whether cranberry ethanolic extract (CEE) can prevent the DNA damage produced by benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) using an in vivo mouse peripheral blood micronucleus assay.

NADPH oxidase participates in the oxidative damage caused by fluoride in rat spermatozoa. Protective role of α-tocopherol.

Fluorosis, caused by drinking water contaminated with inorganic fluoride, is a public health problem in many areas around the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate oxidative stress in spermatozoa caused by fluoride and NADPH oxidase in relationship to fluoride. Four experimental groups of male Wistar rats were administered with deionized water, NaF, at a dose equivalent to 5 mg fluoride kg⁻¹ per 24 h, NaF plus 20 mg kg⁻¹ per 24 h α-tocopherol, or α-tocopherol alone for 60 days.