Vestibular Nucleus Involvement in Patients With Acute Vertigo Due to Herpes Zoster Oticus or Vestibular Neuritis.

Objectives: Herpes zoster oticus (HZO) typically provokes vestibular symptoms and is traditionally viewed as a cranial nerve equivalent of shingles, but in contrast to vestibular neuritis (VN), it is unclear whether the pathology of HZO is limited to the vestibular nerve (neuritis) or can also involve the brainstem (nucleitis).

Methods: We retrospectively compared brain MRIs of patients with HZO with those of patients with VN to study radiologic changes in the brainstem.

Results: Five of 10 patients with HZO showed signal abnormalities in the vestibular nuclei, which lie in multiple vascular territories, whereas no patients with VN exhibited such findings.

Morphologic Variations in the Circle of Willis as a Risk Factor for Aneurysm Rupture in the Anterior and Posterior Communicating Arteries.

Background: Intracranial aneurysms are acquired abnormal vascular dilations. The most dangerous complication of a cerebral aneurysm is its rupture, with a high rate of mortality. This study aimed to determine whether there is an association between anatomic variations in the circle of Willis and ruptured aneurysms in the anterior and posterior communicating arteries.

Understanding progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: links between milky-way appearance and mismatch T2/FLAIR.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging is essential to diagnose progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. The broad radiological spectrum may partially be explained by genetic viral mutations and their differential neurotropism. Recent pharmacovigilance-magnetic resonance imaging studies have provided new insight into pathophysiology and radiological markers of early stages.

Hereditary spastic paraplegia: An "ears of the lynx" magnetic resonance imaging sign in a patient with recessive genetic type 11.

Hereditary spastic paraplegias are an uncommon group of monogenic diseases that include 79 types of genetic disorders. The most frequent cause of recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia is a mutation in the spastic paraplegia gene type 11 followed by type 15. This group is usually associated with non-specific clinical features like cognitive decline and may precede the progressive weakness and spasticity of lower limbs.

Accuracy of nigrosome-1 detection to discriminate patients with Parkinson's disease and essential tremor.

Purpose: The use of susceptibility weighted imaging in high field magnetic resonance imaging scanners can detect the nigrosome-1 area located in the caudo-lateral region of the pars compacta in the substantia nigra. This structure comprises a significant amount of dopaminergic neurons and degenerates in the early stages of Parkinson's disease. Essential tremor is a neurological condition that in some cases could be confused with the early stages of Parkinson's disease with a possible error in clinical diagnosis.

Characteristics of vestibular corrective saccades in patients with slow visual saccades, vestibular disorders and controls: A descriptive analysis.

Objective: Our aim was to determine whether overt catch up saccades (OS) provoked by vestibular stimuli, as observed in the video head impulse test (vHIT), have comparable metrics as visually triggered horizontal saccades (VS), indicating a common saccadic brainstem generator.

Methods: Three groups of patients were studied: patients with neurological disorders causing slow saccades (group 1, n = 12), patients with peripheral vestibular lesions (group 2, n = 43), and normal controls (group 3, = 24). All patients underwent vHIT and Videooculographic testing.

The Floccular Syndrome: Dynamic Changes in Eye Movements and Vestibulo-ocular Reflex in Isolated Infarction of the Cerebellar Flocculus.

The cerebellar flocculus is a critical structure involved in the control of eye movements. Both static and dynamic abnormalities of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) have been described in animals with experimental lesions of the flocculus/paraflocculus complex. In humans, lesions restricted to the flocculus are rare so they can become an exceptional model to contrast with the clinical features in experimental animals or in patients with more generalized cerebellar diseases.

[Sensory neuronopathy. Its recognition and early treatment].

Sensory neuronopathies or ganglionopathies, or dorsal root ganglion disorders, represent a subgroup of peripheral nervous system diseases, frequently associated with dysinmune or neoplastic disorders and with toxic agents. A degeneration of both central and peripheral sensory proyections is present. Patients typically show early ataxia, loss of deep tendon reflexes and positive sensory symptoms present both in proximal and distal sites of the body.

Do elderly patients call 911 when presented with clinical scenarios suggestive of acute stroke? A cross-sectional study.

Background And Purpose: Among patients with acute stroke symptoms, delay in hospital admission is the main obstacle for the use of thrombolytic therapy and other interventions associated with decreased mortality and disability. The primary aim of this study was to assess whether an elderly clinical population correctly endorsed the response to call for emergency services when presented with signs and symptoms of stroke using a standardized questionnaire.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study among elderly out-patients (≥60 years) in Buenos Aires, Argentina randomly recruited from a government funded health clinic.

School performance as a marker of cognitive decline prior to diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.

Background: For many years, cognitive impairment has been established as a well-known symptom of multiple sclerosis. Moreover, we know that it was present even at the beginning of the disease.

Objective: In this case-control study, we decided to evaluate whether there is an impairment of cognitive functions even before onset in those patients who will eventually suffer from multiple sclerosis.

[Late onset Friedreich ataxia: clinical description of a family in Argentina].

Friedreich Ataxia (FA) is the most common hereditary ataxia, caused by abnormal expansion of the GAA triplet of the first intron of the X25 gene on chromosome 9. Clinically it occurs in patients under the age of 25 and it is frequently associated with musculoskeletal, endocrine and myocardial disorders. Among their phenotypic variants there are patients starting their symptoms after the age of 25.