Virtual Remediation Versus Methylphenidate to Improve Distractibility in Children With ADHD: A Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial Study.

Virtual environments have been used to assess children with ADHD but have never been tested as therapeutic tools. We tested a new virtual classroom cognitive remediation program to improve symptoms in children with ADHD. In this randomized clinical trial, 51 children with ADHD (7-11 years) were assigned to a virtual cognitive remediation group, a methylphenidate group, or a psychotherapy group.

Developmental changes in face visual scanning in autism spectrum disorder as assessed by data-based analysis.

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) present reduced visual attention to faces. However, contradictory conclusions have been drawn about the strategies involved in visual face scanning due to the various methodologies implemented in the study of facial screening. Here, we used a data-driven approach to compare children and adults with ASD subjected to the same free viewing task and to address developmental aspects of face scanning, including its temporal patterning, in healthy children, and adults.

Excessive daytime sleepiness in adult patients with ADHD as measured by the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test, an electrophysiologic measure.

Objective: To quantify the objective level of sleepiness in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients and to determine the relationship between excessive daytime sleepiness and simulated driving performance.

Method: Forty adult ADHD patients (DSM-IV criteria) and 19 matched healthy control subjects were included between June 30, 2010, and June 19, 2013. All participants completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the Manchester Driving Behavior Questionnaire.

A late-emerging auditory deficit in autism.

Objective: Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) show enhanced perceptual and memory abilities in the domain of pitch, but also perceptual deficits in other auditory domains. The present study investigated their skills with respect to "echoic memory," a form of short-term sensory memory intimately tied to auditory perception, using a developmental perspective.

Method: We tested 23 high-functioning participants with ASD and 26 typically developing (TD) participants, distributed in two age groups (children vs.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in young French male prisoners.

While forensic studies have reported higher than community rates of mental disorders in imprisoned populations, few studies have focused on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in these subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate ADHD prevalence among young French male prisoners. A specific diagnostic interview (Conners' Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV, CAADID) was used.

Video game performances are preserved in ADHD children compared with controls.

Objective: Although ADHD and excessive video game playing have received some attention, few studies have explored the performances of ADHD children when playing video games. The authors hypothesized that performances of ADHD children would be as good as those of control children in motivating video games tasks but not in the Continuous Performance Test II (CPT II).

Method: The sample consisted of 26 ADHD children and 16 control children.

Impact of time on task on ADHD patient's performances in a virtual classroom.

Background: Use of virtual reality tool is interesting for the evaluation of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) patients. The virtual environment offers the opportunity to administer controlled task like the typical neuropsychological tools, but in an environment much more like standard classroom. Previous studies showed that a virtual classroom was able to distinguish performances of children with and without ADHD, but the evolution of performances over time has not been explored.

Early risk factors for hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention trajectories from age 17 months to 8 years.

Context: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is an etiologically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition with long-term negative outcomes. However, the early developmental course of hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention symptoms and their association with previous environmental risk factors are still poorly understood

Objectives: To describe the developmental trajectories of hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention symptoms and to identify their prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal risk factors.

Design: Birth cohort from the general population.

Left-right facial orientation of familiar faces: developmental aspects of « the mere exposure hypothesis ».

We investigated the developmental aspect of sensitivity to the orientation of familiar faces by asking 38 adults and 72 children from 3 to 12 years old to make a preference choice between standard and mirror images of themselves and of familiar faces, presented side-by-side or successively. When familiar (parental) faces were presented simultaneously, 3- to 5-year-olds showed no preference, but by age 5-7 years an adult-like preference for the standard image emerged. Similarly, the adult-like preference for the mirror image of their own face emerged by 5-7 years of age.

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and video games: a comparative study of hyperactive and control children.

Introduction: This study describes and compares the behavior of hyperactive and control children playing video games.

Subjects And Methods: The sample consisted of 29 ADHD children and 21 controls aged between 6 and 16 years playing video games. We used the Child Behavior Checklist and the Problem Videogame Playing scale (PVP scale).

Hyperactivity-inattention symptoms in childhood and substance use in adolescence: the youth gazel cohort.

Background: This study addresses in both genders the relationship between childhood Hyperactivity-inattention symptoms and subsequent adolescent substance use, while controlling for psychiatric comorbidity, temperament and environmental risk factors.

Methods: 916 subjects (421 males, 495 females) aged 7-18 were recruited from the general population and surveyed in 1991 and 1999. Child psychopathology and substance use patterns were evaluated through parent and adolescent self-reports.

[Etio-pathogenic hypothesis of attention deficit disorder in children].

The aetiological factors of "attention deficit hyperactivity disorder" (ADHD) are multiple, and have an importance that vary according to the individual. Nevertheless, the current state of knowledge suggests a significant biological component to the pathophysiology of this problem, and a genetic influence in particular. It thus seems that ADHD is essentially characterised by its dimension of impulsivity, linked to a defect of inhibitor control, specifically implying certain cerebral structures as well as a dysfunction of the catecholaminergic systems, and in particular, the dopaminergic system.