Changing Patterns of Lung Cancer Mortality in Andalusia: Insights From Age-period-cohort Analysis and Historical Smoking Trends.

Introduction: Lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. This study examines lung cancer mortality trends in Andalusia, Spain, from 2003 to 2022, focusing on gender differences and the influence of age, period and cohort effects.

Material And Methods: This longitudinal ecological study analyzed lung cancer mortality data in Andalusia from 2003 to 2022, using age-period-cohort (A-P-C) and joinpoint regression models.

Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A (PAPP-A) as a Predictor of Third Trimester Obesity: Insights from the CRIOBES Project.

Our objective in this article was to develop a predictive model for obesity in the third trimester of pregnancy using the plasma and clinical biomarkers that are managed within the Chromosomopathies Programme in the Andalusian Public Healthcare System. The epidemiological design was observational, of the unmatched case-control type. The geographical environment was the Seville Primary Healthcare District (DSAP Sevilla).

[The ethical obligation to continue research during retirement].

We advocate in this little assay for the concept of active retirement. We feel the need to broadcast our experience to younger professionals. Mentor, Telemachus' advisor in the Odyssey, has evolved greatly into the 21st century.

Prevention of type 2 diabetes in prediabetic patients by using functional olive oil enriched in oleanolic acid: The PREDIABOLE study, a randomized controlled trial.

Aim: To assess whether the regular intake of an oleanolic acid (OA)-enriched olive oil is effective in the prevention of diabetes.

Methods: In the PREDIABOLE study, prediabetic individuals (impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance) of both sexes (176 patients, aged 30-80 years) were randomized to receive 55 mL/day of OA-enriched olive oil (equivalent dose 30 mg OA/day) [intervention group (IG)] or the same oil not enriched [control group (CG)]. The main outcome was the incidence of new-onset type 2 diabetes in both groups.

Adherence to a priori dietary indexes and baseline prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the PREDIMED-Plus randomised trial.

Purpose: Cardiovascular disease remains the global leading cause of death. We evaluated at baseline the association between the adherence to eight a priori high-quality dietary scores and the prevalence of individual and clustered cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in the PREDIMED-Plus cohort.

Methods: All PREDIMED-Plus participants (6874 men and women aged 55-75 years, with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome) were assessed.

Effectiveness of complex multiple-risk lifestyle interventions in reducing symptoms of depression: a study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Introduction: Many studies have explored the impact of lifestyle interventions on depression. However, little is known about the effectiveness of complex multiple-risk lifestyle interventions in reducing symptoms of depression. Our objective is to assess the effectiveness of complex multiple-risk lifestyle interventions in reducing depressive symptoms in the adult population by the acquisition of at least two healthy habits-healthy diet, physical activity and/or smoking cessation.

Mediterranean diet and quality of life: Baseline cross-sectional analysis of the PREDIMED-PLUS trial.

We assessed if a 17-item score capturing adherence to a traditional Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) was associated with better health-related quality of life among older Spanish men and women with overweight or obesity harboring the metabolic syndrome. We analyzed baseline data from 6430 men and women (age 55-70 years) participating in the PREDIMED-Plus study. PREDIMED-Plus is a multi-centre randomized trial testing an energy-restricted MedDiet combined with promotion of physical activity and behavioral therapy for primary cardiovascular prevention compared to a MedDiet alone.

Mediterranean Diet Improves High-Density Lipoprotein Function in High-Cardiovascular-Risk Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The biological functions of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) contribute to explaining the cardioprotective role of the lipoprotein beyond quantitative HDL cholesterol levels. A few small-scale interventions with a single antioxidant have improved some HDL functions. However, to date, no long-term, large-scale, randomized controlled trial has been conducted to assess the effects of an antioxidant-rich dietary pattern (such as a traditional Mediterranean diet [TMD]) on HDL function in humans.

Polymorphism of the Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Gene (TCF7L2) Interacts with Obesity on Type-2 Diabetes in the PREDIMED Study Emphasizing the Heterogeneity of Genetic Variants in Type-2 Diabetes Risk Prediction: Time for Obesity-Specific Genetic Risk Scores.

Nutrigenetic studies analyzing gene-diet interactions of the TCF7L2-rs7903146 C > T polymorphism on type-2 diabetes (T2D) have shown controversial results. A reason contributing to this may be the additional modulation by obesity. Moreover, TCF7L2-rs7903146 is one of the most influential variants in T2D-genetic risk scores (GRS).

A Brief Overview of English Primary Care in the Last Half Century.

Key hefts, the hard core of clinical profile, scientific nursing and nowadays of the English School of Primary Care in the last sixty years are revisited. We understand that the most profound intellectual influence has been to Archie Cochrane, among family physicians hard core components we include John Fry (1922-1994), David Metcalfe and Julian Tudor Hart. On the other hand, Lisbeth Hockey (1918-2004), PhD in Nursing, was responsible for several years of Nursing Research Unit at the University of Edinburgh.

Association between dietary fibre intake and fruit, vegetable or whole-grain consumption and the risk of CVD: results from the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) trial.

Prospective studies assessing the association between fibre intake or fibre-rich food consumption and the risk of CVD have often been limited by baseline assessment of diet. Thus far, no study has used yearly repeated measurements of dietary changes during follow-up. Moreover, previous studies included healthy and selected participants who did not represent subjects at high cardiovascular risk.

[Developing a predictive model for the caregiver strain index].

Background: Patient homecare with multiple morbidities is an increasingly common occurrence. The caregiver strain index is tool in the form of questionnaire that is designed to measure the perceived burden of those who care for their families. The aim of this study is to construct a diagnostic nomogram of informal caregiver burden using data from a predictive model.

Mediterranean Diet and Invasive Breast Cancer Risk Among Women at High Cardiovascular Risk in the PREDIMED Trial: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Breast cancer is the leading cause of female cancer burden, and its incidence has increased by more than 20% worldwide since 2008. Some observational studies have suggested that the Mediterranean diet may reduce the risk of breast cancer.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of 2 interventions with Mediterranean diet vs the advice to follow a low-fat diet (control) on breast cancer incidence.

White blood cell counts as risk markers of developing metabolic syndrome and its components in the PREDIMED study.

Background: The Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that includes hyperglucemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia and central obesity, conferring an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The white blood cell (WBC) count has been proposed as a marker for predicting cardiovascular risk. However, few prospective studies have evaluated the relationship between WBC subtypes and risk of MetS.

[Overload in the informal caregivers of patients with multiple comorbidities in an urban area].

Objectives: The aim of the study was, to determine the profile of the family caregiver of patients with multiple pathologies, identify factors associated with overload, and construct predictive models using items from the Caregiver Strain Index (CSI).

Method: A cross-sectional study of caregivers of patients with multiple comorbidities who attended an urban health centre. Data were collected from health records and questionnaires (Barthel index, Pfeiffer index, and CSI).

Aphorisms and short phrases as pieces of knowledge in the pedagogical framework of the andalusian school of public health.

Background: Bearing in mind the philosophical pedagogical significance of short phrases for the training of researchers in the health care ambit, we hence have studied the aphorisms and striking phrases expressed during the epidemiology course at the Andalusian School of Public Health.

Methods: Belonging to the qualitative type and applied through the establishment of a multidisciplinary focus group made up of ten post-graduated students, where one of them acted as a moderator. The collection of information lasted four months.

[The scientific entertainer in primary health care].

The scientific method is capable of being applied in primary care. In this article we defend the role of the "scientific entertainer "as strategic and necessary in achieving this goal. The task has to include playful and light-hearted content.

Association between a healthy lifestyle and general obesity and abdominal obesity in an elderly population at high cardiovascular risk.

Background: Diet, smoking and physical activity are important modifiable lifestyle factors that can influence body weight and fat accumulation. We assessed the relationship between lifestyle and obesity risk in a baseline analysis of the PREDIMED study, a randomized dietary primary prevention trial conducted in Spain.

Methods: 7000 subjects at high cardiovascular risk were assessed cross-sectionally.

[Concept maps as a tool for the diagnosis of rare diseases].

Rare diseases are a real public health problem for hospitals and also for primary care. We describe some metaphor-based diagnosis procedures, such as: "When you hear hoof beats don't always think horses, sometimes they could be zebras", or that one about the antiquarian who recognised a museum masterpiece while walking in the Rastro (Madrid). The "lightning diagnoses" by Skoda are an important historic record.

[Epistemology as health research propedeutics].

The present article advocates the need for epistemological training prior to the study of biostatistics and epidemiology. Taking Plato as the starting point, we reached this conclusion after analysis of the paradigm problems affecting biostatistics and the connotations of causality and research time in major epidemiological designs. External validity is intimately linked to the philosophical problem of induction.

Acute subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with platelet storage pool disease and the hemoglobinopathy caused by beta-thalassemia minor.

We describe a case of acute subarachnoid hemorrhage with a complex blood-clotting mechanism and two negative angiographies. The patient was discharged from hospital with a presumptive diagnosis of idiopathic causes, but further analysis of the clinical history from the primary care provider prompted a hematologic analysis, which produced a diagnosis of platelet storage pool disease with alterations during the degranulation and aggregation functions. Electron microscopy revealed no ultrastructural abnormalities of platelet membranes, granules, or organelles.

[Unconditioned logistic regression and sample size: a bibliographic review].

Unconditioned logistic regression is a highly useful risk prediction method in epidemiology. This article reviews the different solutions provided by different authors concerning the interface between the calculation of the sample size and the use of logistics regression. Based on the knowledge of the information initially provided, a review is made of the customized regression and predictive constriction phenomenon, the design of an ordinal exposition with a binary output, the event of interest per variable concept, the indicator variables, the classic Freeman equation, etc.

[Evidence-based medicine: a philosophical critique about its application in primary care].

A criticism is made of evidence-based medicine (EBM) based on the Frankfurt School works and on the shortcomings of the verification method. Despite these irregularities, we find EBM to still currently be a scientific paradigm in primary care, aiding in pursuing the utopian ideal both in rural areas as well as in undeveloped countries.