Automatic segmentation and classification of Papanicolaou-stained cells and dataset for oral cancer detection.

Background And Objective: Papanicolaou staining has been successfully used to assist early detection of cervix cancer for several decades. We postulate that this staining technique can also be used for assisting early detection of oral cancer, which is responsible for about 300,000 deaths every year. The rational for such claim includes two key observations: (i) nuclear atypia, i.

Perceptions of artificial intelligence system's aptitude to judge morality and competence amidst the rise of Chatbots.

This paper examines how humans judge the capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) to evaluate human attributes, specifically focusing on two key dimensions of human social evaluation: morality and competence. Furthermore, it investigates the impact of exposure to advanced Large Language Models on these perceptions. In three studies (combined N = 200), we tested the hypothesis that people will find it less plausible that AI is capable of judging the morality conveyed by a behavior compared to judging its competence.

A dual-color PAX7 and MYF5 in vivo reporter to investigate muscle stem cell heterogeneity in regeneration and aging.

Increasing evidence suggests that the muscle stem cell (MuSC) pool is heterogeneous. In particular, a rare subset of PAX7-positive MuSCs that has never expressed the myogenic regulatory factor MYF5 displays unique self-renewal and engraftment characteristics. However, the scarcity and limited availability of protein markers make the characterization of these cells challenging.

Population dynamics is a cancer driver.

Most tissues are continuously renovated through the division of stem cells and the death of old or damaged cells, which is known as the cell turnover rate (CTOR). Despite being in a steady state, tissues have different population dynamics thus producing diverse clonality levels. Here, we propose and test that cell population dynamics can be a cancer driver.

Subcentimetric papillary thyroid carcinoma with extensive lymph node and brain metastasis: case report and review of literature.

Summary: We report a 61-year-old male patient without personal history of thyroid carcinoma or radiation exposure. In 2011, he presented with a cervical mass whose biopsy diagnosed a papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in a lymph node metastasis (LNM). Total thyroidectomy with lymphadenectomy of central and ipsilateral compartment was performed.

A CNN-based approach for joint segmentation and quantification of nuclei and NORs in AgNOR-stained images.

Background And Objective: Oral cancer is the sixth most common kind of human cancer. Brush cytology for counting Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Regions (AgNORs) can help early mouth cancer detection, lowering patient mortality. However, the manual counting of AgNORs still in use today is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and error-prone.

Multiple GIST and pheochromocytoma - A rare association in neurofibromatosis type 1.

We describe a case of coexistence of multiple gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and pheochromocytoma in a 32-year-old patient with neurofibromatosis type 1. The coexistence of these two conditions in patients with this syndrome is extremely rare.

Modern medical schools curricula: Necessary innovations and priorities for change.

Medical schools' curricula have expanded over the decades to incorporate important new medical breakthroughs and discoveries. Their current focus and overall structures remain, however, stubbornly captive of early 20th-century thinking, with changes having been undertaken in a piecemeal fashion. Indeed, since the notable Flexner reform in 1910, medical schools' study plans have suffered successive and typically always partial adjustments which have failed to keep up with scientific, technological and sociological change.

Combined superior mesenteric artery syndrome and nutcraker syndrome presenting as acute pancreatitis: a case report.

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome designates compression of the third part of the duodenum between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta. This condition has a low incidence, being more common in thin young women. Nutcracker syndrome is compression of the left renal vein between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta.

Neurophysiological correlates of tactile width discrimination in humans.

Introduction: Tactile information processing requires the integration of sensory, motor, and cognitive information. Width discrimination has been extensively studied in rodents, but not in humans.

Methods: Here, we describe Electroencephalography (EEG) signals in humans performing a tactile width discrimination task.

Prevalence of Comorbidity and Its Effects on Sickness-Absenteeism among Brazilian Legislative Civil Servants.

Studies have shown there is an association of chronic diseases with working days lost, considering the impact of these pathologies on the levels of vulnerability of the individual's health, with an increased risk of work disability. This article is part of a more comprehensive investigation on the sickness absenteeism of civil servants of the legislative branch in Brazil, with the purpose of determining the comorbidity index (CI) of the individuals and its correlation with days of absence from work. Sickness absenteeism was counted from the data of 37,690 medical leaves, from 2016 to 2109, involving 4149 civil servants.

Endoscopic Treatment of an Idiopathic Pancreaticopleural Fistula.

A 61-year-old man was diagnosed with an exudative pleural effusion with raised amylase and bilirubin levels. The patient had no previous history of acute pancreatitis or trauma and no clinical or radiological signs of chronic pancreatitis. On thoracoabdominal computed tomography, a pancreatic pseudocyst with a pancreaticopleural fistula was identified.

Early Life to Adult Brain Lipidome Dynamic: A Temporospatial Study Investigating Dietary Polar Lipid Supplementation Efficacy.

The lipid composition of the brain is well regulated during development, and the specific temporospatial distribution of various lipid species is essential for the development of optimal neural functions. Dietary lipids are the main source of brain lipids and thus contribute to the brain lipidome. Human milk is the only source of a dietary lipids for exclusively breastfed infant.

End-of-life management strategies of pharmaceuticals in Portuguese households.

The end of life of pharmaceutical products through environmentally unsafe routes is a growing concern in our society. However, the studies reported so far, apart from being limited in number, do not reflect the current management practices for the end-of-life management of pharmaceuticals. Published work lacks an in-depth analysis in focusing on the pharmaceutical waste in households.

The effect of facial occlusion on facial impressions of trustworthiness and dominance.

Recognizing the role that facial appearance plays in guiding social interactions, here we investigated how occlusions of the bottom-face region affect facial impressions of trustworthiness and dominance. Previous studies suggesting that different facial features impact inferences on these traits sustain the hypothesis that wearing a face mask will differently affect each trait inference. And specifically, that trustworthiness impressions will be more disrupted by this type of face occlusion than dominance impressions.

That person is now with or without a mask: how encoding context modulates identity recognition.

Previous research has mostly approached face recognition and target identification by focusing on face perception mechanisms, but memory mechanisms also appear to play a role. Here, we examined how the presence of a mask interferes with the memory mechanisms involved in face recognition, focusing on the dynamic interplay between encoding and recognition processes. We approach two known memory effects: (a) matching study and test conditions effects (i.

Bronchobiliary fistula after stenting of biliary duct as the management of iatrogenic bile duct injury during elective cholecystectomy.

Background: Bronchobiliary fistula is a rare and complex entity defined by an abnormal communication between the biliary and bronchial systems. The etiopathogenesis is not completely understood, but the most common factors implicated are hepatobiliary tumors, biliary obstruction, iatrogenic damage or trauma.

Methods: Here we present a case of a 69-year-old man that developed a bronchobiliary fistula and a pulmonary abscess after migration of a bile duct stent placed as part of the treatment of an iatrogenic bile duct injury that occurred during elective cholecystectomy.

Effects of Post-natal Dietary Milk Fat Globule Membrane Polar Lipid Supplementation on Motor Skills, Anxiety, and Long-Term Memory in Adulthood.

Early life nutrition critically impacts post-natal brain maturation and cognitive development. Post-natal dietary deficits in specific nutrients, such as lipids, minerals or vitamins are associated with brain maturation and cognitive impairments. Specifically, polar lipids (PL), such as sphingolipids and phospholipids, are important cellular membrane building blocks and are critical for brain connectivity due to their role in neurite outgrowth, synaptic formation, and myelination.

ATENA-A Novel Rapidly Manufactured Medical Invasive Ventilator Designed as a Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Testing Protocol, Safety, and Performance Validation.

The urgent need for mechanical ventilators to support respiratory insufficiency due to SARS-CoV-2 led to a worldwide effort to develop low-cost, easily assembled, and locally manufactured ventilators. The ATENA ventilator project was developed in a community-based approach targeting the development, prototyping, testing, and decentralized manufacturing of a new mechanical ventilator. This article aims to demonstrate ATENA's adequate performance and safety for clinical use.

Synthesizing Camera Noise Using Generative Adversarial Networks.

We present a technique for synthesizing realistic noise for digital photographs. It can adjust the noise level of an input photograph, either increasing or decreasing it, to match a target ISO level. Our solution learns the mappings among different ISO levels from unpaired data using generative adversarial networks.

Urinary Biomarkers in Bladder Cancer: Where Do We Stand and Potential Role of Extracellular Vesicles.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane vesicles released by all cells and involved in intercellular communication. Importantly, EVs cargo includes nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins constantly transferred between different cell types, contributing to autocrine and paracrine signaling. In recent years, they have been shown to play vital roles, not only in normal biological functions, but also in pathological conditions, such as cancer.