Bacteremia in Patients with Solid Organ Cancer: Insights into Epidemiology and Antibiotic Consumption.

Epidemiology and risk factors associated to bacterial resistance in solid organ cancer (SOC) patients has been barely described. This retrospective monocentric study analyzed clinical variables in SOC patients who developed bacteremia between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2022. We described rates of bacterial resistance in Gram negative bacteria (80.

Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir for the treatment of immunocompromised adult patients with early-stage symptomatic COVID-19: A real-life experience.

Regardless of vaccination status, progression to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still a relevant cause of morbidity among immunocompromised patients. Despite the proven efficacy of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (NMV/r), concerns remain regarding the potential for drug-to-drug interactions (DDIs) and the safety in this at-risk population. We aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of immunocompromised patients treated with NMV/r, as well as the occurrence of DDIs and treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs).

Enhancing screening adherence for strongyloides infection in latinx inpatients with COVID-19: a local protocol implementation study.

hyperinfection syndrome has been observed in immunosuppressed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Detecting and treating asymptomatic infection in individuals from endemic areas can effectively prevent hyperinfection. Unfortunately, many clinicians are unaware of this neglected infection.

Disparities between Latinx migrants and Spanish natives in COVID-19 outcome in Madrid.

Unlabelled: Previous studies have suggested an increased susceptibility of COVID-19 among certain populations. We analyzed whether COVID-19 presentation and mortality differ between Latinx migrants and Spanish natives.

Methods And Materials: COVID-19 patients between 35-64 years old admitted between January 26th-May-5th 2020 were reviewed.

[Cytomegalovirus reactivation in patients with immune-mediated gastritis].

Introduction: Reactivation of cytomegalovirus can complicate the evolution of patients with gastritis induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Methods: The experience in our center is described and a review of the literature is performed.

Results: A case of severe gastritis induced by treatment with a programmed cell death receptor-1 (anti-PD1) inhibitor, associated with reactivation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) is described.

Risk Factors and Outcomes for Multidrug Resistant Infection in Immunocompromised Patients.

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PSA) infection often occurs in immunocompromised patients, which also face an increased risk of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. A deeper knowledge of the risk factors for MDR-PSA infection in this patient population may help to choose appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy. Methods: a single-center case-control (1:2) retrospective study that included 48 patients with underlying immunosuppression developing MDR-PSA infection (cases) and 96 patients also immunocompromised that were infected with non-MDR-PSA (controls) was conducted.

Derivation of a score to predict infection due to multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a tool for guiding empirical antibiotic treatment.

Objectives: Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR-PSA) constitutes an emerging health problem. A predictive score of MDR-PSA infection would allow an early adaptation of empirical antibiotic therapy.

Methods: We performed a single-centre case-control (1:2) retrospective study including 100 patients with MDR-PSA and 200 with a non-MDR-PSA infection.

Prognostic factors of OXA-48 carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in a tertiary-care Spanish hospital: A retrospective single-center cohort study.

Objectives: To describe the determinants of outcome of infections due to oxacillinase-48 (OXA-48) carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (OXA-48-Kp).

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 117 episodes of OXA-48-Kp infection were conducted. Multivariate Cox models identified factors predicting 14-day clinical response and 30-day all-cause mortality.

Higher mortality of hospitalized haematologic patients with COVID-19 compared to non-haematologic is driven by thrombotic complications and development of ARDS: An age-matched cohorts study.

Background And Objectives: The characteristics of COVID-19 in haematologic patients compared to non-haematologic patients have seldom been analyzed. Our aim was to analyze whether there are differences in clinical characteristics and outcome of haematologic patients with COVID-19 as compared to non-haematologic.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective cohort study in 2 University hospitals of patients admitted with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 included in the SEMICOVID19 database.

Analysis of the factors predicting clinical response to tocilizumab therapy in patients with severe COVID-19.

Background: Controversy remains about the efficacy of tocilizumab (TCZ) for the treatment of severe COVID-19. We aimed to analyze the profile of TCZ-respondent patients.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of patients with severe COVID-19 who received off-label TCZ after recommendation by a local committee and were admitted to the University Hospital "12 de Octubre" until May 2020.

Effectiveness of ceftazidime-avibactam for the treatment of infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Background: Clinical experience with ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) for treatment of infections due to multidrug or extremely resistant (MDR/XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is limited.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients with MDR/XDR P.

Time of incubation of agar-plate culture for the diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection.

Purpose: Agar-plate culture (APC) remains the most sensitive parasitological technique for S. stercoralis diagnosis. Although it was first described three decades ago, the time of incubation of the plates is neither a commonly described feature nor usually standardized.

Eradication of Staphylococcus aureus Post-Sternotomy Mediastinitis Following the Implementation of Universal Preoperative Nasal Decontamination With Mupirocin: An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis.

Background: Although presurgical nasal decontamination with mupirocin (NDM) has been advocated as a measure for preventing postsurgical mediastinitis (PSM) due to Staphylococcus aureus, this strategy is not universally recommended due to lack of robust supporting evidence. We aimed to evaluate the role of preoperative NDM in the annual incidence of S. aureus PSM at our institution.

Clinical course and risk factors for mortality from COVID-19 in patients with haematological malignancies.

Background: The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in haematological patients (HP) has not been comprehensively reported.

Methods: We analysed 39 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and haematological malignancies. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared to a matched control group of 53 non-cancer patients with COVID-19.

Tocilizumab for the treatment of adult patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia: A single-center cohort study.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to a massive cytokine release. The use of the anti-interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody tocilizumab (TCZ) has been proposed in this hyperinflammatory phase, although supporting evidence is limited. We retrospectively analyzed 88 consecutive patients with COVID-19 pneumonia that received at least one dose of intravenous TCZ in our institution between 16 and 27 March 2020.

Incidence and clinical profiles of COVID-19 pneumonia in pregnant women: A single-centre cohort study from Spain.

Background: Information regarding the incidence and characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia amongst pregnant women is scarce.

Methods: Single-centre experience with 32 pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19 between March 5 to April 5, 2020 at Madrid, Spain.

Findings: COVID-19 pneumonia was diagnosed in 61·5% (32/52) women.

Prevalence of submicroscopic malaria infection in immigrants living in Spain.

Background: The importance of submicroscopic malaria infections in high-transmission areas could contribute to maintain the parasite cycle. Regarding non-endemic areas, its importance remains barely understood because parasitaemia in these afebrile patients is usually below the detection limits for microscopy, hence molecular techniques are often needed for its diagnosis. In addition to this, the lack of standardized protocols for the screening of submicroscopic malaria in immigrants from endemic areas may underestimate the infection with Plasmodium spp.

Executive summary of the consensus document of the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC), the Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI) and the Spanish Society of Haematology and Haemotherapy (SEHH) on the management of febrile neutropenia in patients with hematological malignancies.

Febrile neutropenia is a very common complication in patients with hematological malignancies receiving chemotherapy, and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria have become a therapeutic challenge in this high-risk patient population, since inadequate initial empirical treatment can seriously compromise prognosis. However, reducing antimicrobial exposure is one of the most significant cornerstones in the fight against resistance.

Toxin B PCR Amplification Cycle Threshold Adds Little to Clinical Variables for Predicting Outcomes in Infection: a Retrospective Cohort Study.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the value of the PCR cycle threshold ( ) for predicting the recurrence/severity of infection compared to that of toxin detection plus clinical variables. First episodes of infection (CDI) diagnosed during 2015 at our institution were included. Samples were tested for glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and toxin A/B by use of a single enzyme immunoassay (EIA).

Comparative study of two commercial tests for Strongyloides stercoralis serologic diagnosis.

Background: Serological diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis is often limited by its low specificity due to cross-reactivity with other parasitic nematodes. Novel serological tests assumed to be more specific have been recently developed. The aim of our study was to compare two commercial tests based on different antigens for S.

Usefulness of the ARCHITECT Chagas assay as a single test for the diagnosis of chronic Chagas disease.

Objectives: Imported Chagas disease (CD) is an emerging health problem in Europe due to immigration from endemic countries. Although WHO currently recommends two different serological methods to establish diagnosis, new tools like the ARCHITECT Chagas assay have potential for use as a single diagnostic test. Our objective was to determine an optimal signal-to-cut-off (S/CO) value for the ARCHITECT Chagas assay to diagnose CD with a single test.

Management of Infection and Febrile Neutropenia in Patients with Solid Cancer.

A group of experts from the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC) and the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM) have reviewed in this paper the main aspects to be considered in the evaluation of patients with solid cancer and infectious diseases. They have established a series of recommendations on the prevention of the most prevalent infections in these patients, the use of vaccines, the control measures of vascular catheter infection and prevention of infections before certain surgical procedures. Also the criteria for management of febrile neutropenia and the use of colony-stimulating factors were revised.