Design and evaluation of an incoherent feed-forward loop for an arsenic biosensor based on standard iGEM parts.

The diversity and flexibility of life offers a wide variety of molecules and systems useful for biosensing. A biosensor device should be robust, specific and reliable. Inorganic arsenic is a highly toxic water contaminant with worldwide distribution that poses a threat to public health.

Two-step stool aerobic training for smokers.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze subjective, physical, and physiologic responses to a standardized incremental 30-min two-step stool test to create an individualized 45-min maximally intensive two-step stool endurance exercise regimen for home training.

Design: This is a longitudinal study on 26 consecutively referred male smokers aged 39-66 yrs. Each performed the two-step stool test on two 15-cm steps at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 climbs per minute.

Bilevel exercise training and directed breathing relieves exertional dyspnea for male smokers.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects on exertional dyspnea and exercise capacity of square wave (bilevel) cycle ergometry endurance exercise training (SWEET) and comprehensive directed breathing vs. walking while pushing an OxCar and traditional diaphragmatic breathing for male smokers with normal spirometry but reduced exercise capacity.

Design: This was a prospective randomized trial of 24 unmedicated men with exertional dyspnea assigned to SWEET or OxCar groups.

Comprehensive directed breathing retraining improves exertional dyspnea for men with spirometry within normal limits.

Objective: To compare the effects of comprehensive directed breathing retraining with traditional diaphragmatic breathing on male smokers with exertional dyspnea but normal spirometry.

Design: This is a prospective randomized clinical trial in an exercise laboratory at a university hospital. Twenty-four nonmedicated exertional dyspnea subjects were randomly assigned to experimental (comprehensive directed breathing) and control (traditional diaphragmatic breathing) groups.

[Role of HLA-DR and HLA-DQ alleles in multibacillary leprosy and paucibacillary leprosy in the province of Chaco (Argentina)].

Objectives: Segregation analyses in several populations have suggested a relationship between specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles and the development of different types of leprosy. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of HLA class II DR and DQ alleles among leprosy patients in Chaco province, northeast Argentina, in an effort to determine whether these alleles might be involved in the development of the multibacillary (MB) and paucibacillary (PB) forms of leprosy.

Patients And Methods: Samples from 89 leprosy patients (MB = 70, PB = 19) and 112 healthy control subjects were analyzed.

Noninvasive ventilatory assistance during exercise for patients with kyphoscoliosis: a pilot study.

The goal was to determine whether noninvasive ventilatory assistance (NIV) could facilitate exercise performance and benefit physiologic parameters for eight hypercapnic kyphoscoliosis patients using a cycloergometer for 6-min periods at a constant power (20 W). The exercise protocols were performed in random order while breathing unaided (spontaneous breathing test or SBT) and also while receiving NIV (NIV test or NIVT). The NIV was pressure support (15 cm H2O) plus positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) (4 cm H2O) via a nasal mask.