Hepatitis E virus genotype 3 microbiological surveillance by the Spanish Reference Laboratory: geographic distribution and phylogenetic analysis of subtypes from 2009 to 2019.

BackgroundHepatitis E virus genotype 3 (HEV-3) is widely distributed throughout Europe, with incidence of infections increasing in many countries. Belgium, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom have reported the distribution of HEV-3 subtypes in cohorts of patients with hepatic disease.AimTo describe the distribution of the HEV-3 subtypes in Spain at national and autonomous community (AC) levels between 2009 and 2019.

Glomerulonephritis and cryoglobulinemia: first manifestation of visceral leishmaniasis.

Visceral leishmaniasis due to Leishmania Infantum is an endemic parasitic infection in the Mediterranean area. Since 2009, Europe's largest outbreak of Leishmaniasis has been reported in the region of Madrid (Spain). Renal involvement is an unusual complication.

[Immunological effectiveness of the nucleoside/nucleotide analog combinations, tenofovir + lamivudine, didanosine + lamivudine and tenofovir + didanosine, in patients with HIV infection and sustained viral suppression].

Background: Several recent studies have shown that the combination of ddI plus TDF can produce an unexpected drop in CD4 cell counts, even after correcting the ddI dose.

Objective: Comparative study of the immunological effectiveness of various once-daily NRTI backbones (ddI plus TDF, ddI plus 3TC or TDF plus 3TC) in antiretroviral-experienced HIV-infected patients achieving viral suppression (PCR, HIV-RNA < 50 copies/microl).

Methods: Prospective cohort study of 48 weeks' duration following viral load suppression with any of the NRTI combinations studied.

[Factors predicting the failure of interruption of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) in HIV-infected patients].

Introduction: Treatment interruptions may be an alternative to HAART in the management of chronically infected HIV-patients. We designed this study in an attempt to assess the predictability of this strategy.

Methods: We recruited HIV-infected patients whose treatment had been suspended.

Acute viral gastroenteritis: proportion and clinical relevance of multiple infections in Spanish children.

Dual infections associated with acute infectious diarrhoea and its microbiological, epidemiological and clinical findings have been evaluated in patients selected from a comprehensive survey of children under 4 years old, admitted to hospital emergency rooms from October 1996 to November 1997. A total of 820 children (433 males and 387 females) were enrolled. Stools were tested for rotavirus, adenovirus, astrovirus and bacterial enteropathogens.