Pembrolizumab With or Without Maintenance Olaparib for Metastatic Squamous NSCLC That Responded to First-Line Pembrolizumab Plus Chemotherapy.

Introduction: Poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitors can up-regulate programmed cell death-ligand 1 expression and promote immune-mediated responses and may improve efficacy of first-line anti‒programmed cell death protein 1‒based therapies in patients with metastatic squamous NSCLC.

Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trial (NCT03976362), adults with previously untreated stage IV squamous NSCLC received four cycles of induction therapy (pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks plus carboplatin and paclitaxel or nab-paclitaxel). Patients with disease control were randomized to 31 cycles of pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks plus olaparib 300 mg orally twice daily or placebo.

Oncogene-addicted solid tumors and microbiome-lung cancer as a main character: a narrative review.

Background And Objective: Lung cancer stands as the main cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. With the advent of immunotherapy and the discovery of targetable oncogenic driver genes, although prognosis has changed in the last few years, survival rates remain dismal for most patients. This emphasizes the urgent need for new strategies that could enhance treatment in precision medicine.

Multidisciplinary approach for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): 2023 expert consensus of the Spanish Lung Cancer Group GECP.

Introduction: Recent advances in the treatment of locally advanced NSCLC have led to changes in the standard of care for this disease. For the selection of the best approach strategy for each patient, it is necessary the homogenization of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, as well as the promotion of the evaluation of patients by a multidisciplinary oncology team.

Objective: Development of an expert consensus document with suggestions for the approach and treatment of locally advanced NSCLC leaded by Spanish Lung Cancer Group GECP.

Identification of non-actionable mutations with prognostic and predictive value in patients with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.

Introduction: Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers and the leading cause of cancer death. Advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) patients frequently harbor mutations that impact their survival outcomes. There are limited data regarding the prognostic and predictive significance of these mutations on survival outcomes in the real-world setting.

Avelumab Versus Platinum-Based Doublet Chemotherapy as First-Line Treatment for Patients With High-Expression Programmed Death-Ligand 1-Positive Metastatic NSCLC: Primary Analysis From the Phase 3 JAVELIN Lung 100 Trial.

Introduction: We report the primary analysis from JAVELIN Lung 100, a phase 3 trial comparing avelumab (anti⁠-programmed death-ligand 1 [PD-L1]) versus platinum-based doublet chemotherapy as first-line treatment for PD-L1-positive (+) advanced NSCLC.

Methods: Adults with PD-L1+ (≥1% of tumor cells; PD-L1 immunohistochemistry 73-10 pharmDx), EGFR and ALK wild-type, previously untreated, stage IV NSCLC were randomized to avelumab 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks (Q2W), avelumab 10 mg/kg once weekly (QW) for 12 weeks and Q2W thereafter, or platinum-based doublet chemotherapy every 3 weeks. Primary end points were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) per independent review committee.

Bintrafusp Alfa Versus Pembrolizumab in Patients With Treatment-Naive, Programmed Death-Ligand 1-High Advanced NSCLC: A Randomized, Open-Label, Phase 3 Trial.

Introduction: Bintrafusp alfa, a first-in-class bifunctional fusion protein composed of the extracellular domain of TGF-βRII (a TGF-β "trap") fused to a human immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody blocking programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), has exhibited clinical activity in a phase 1 expansion cohort of patients with PD-L1-high advanced NSCLC.

Methods: This adaptive phase 3 trial (NCT03631706) compared the efficacy and safety of bintrafusp alfa versus pembrolizumab as first-line treatment in patients with PD-L1-high advanced NSCLC. Primary end points were progression-free survival according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.

Fluorometric Quantification of Total Cell-Free DNA as a Prognostic Biomarker in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Blockade.

The present study aimed to investigate the potential of basal cell-free fluorometric DNA (cfDNA) quantification as a prognostic biomarker in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with an Immune Checkpoint Blockade (ICB). A discovery and validation cohort of 61 and 31 advanced lung cancer patients treated with ICB were included in this study. Quantification of cfDNA concentration was performed before the start of the treatment and patients were followed up for a median of 34 (30-40) months.

Avelumab in Combination With Cetuximab and Chemotherapy as First-Line Treatment for Patients With Advanced Squamous NSCLC.

Introduction: We present the results of a phase 2a trial of first-line avelumab (anti-programmed death-ligand 1 antibody) plus cetuximab (anti-EGFR antibody) in patients with advanced squamous NSCLC.

Methods: Patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous NSCLC received avelumab 800 mg (d 1 and 8), cetuximab 250 mg/m (d 1) and 500 mg/m (d 8), cisplatin 75 mg/m (d 1), and gemcitabine 1250 mg/m (d 1 and 8) for four 3-week cycles, followed by avelumab 800 mg and cetuximab 500 mg/m every 2 weeks. The primary end point was the best overall response; the secondary end points were progression-free survival, duration of response, overall survival, and safety.

Construction of miRNA-mRNA networks for the identification of lung cancer biomarkers in liquid biopsies.

Lung cancer (LC) is the most common cause of cancer death worldwide mostly due to the low survival rate: 75% of cases are identified in advanced stages. In this study, the list of useful biomarkers to make an early diagnosis using liquid biopsies was expanded. A total of 30 samples of LC were analyzed to define potential miRNA biomarkers in liquid biopsies for LC.

Emerging noninvasive methylation biomarkers of cancer prognosis and drug response prediction.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide being responsible for 9.6 million deaths in 2018. Epigenetic alterations are key in directing the aberrant expression of tumor-associated genes that drive cellular malignant transformation and cancer progression.

One-year efficacy and safety of naloxegol on symptoms and quality of life related to opioid-induced constipation in patients with cancer: KYONAL study.

Objectives: Naloxegol is a peripherally acting µ-opioid receptor antagonist (PAMORA) for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). The main objective was to analyse the long-term efficacy, quality of life (QOL) and safety of naloxegol in patients with cancer in a real-world study.

Methods: This one-year prospective study included patients older than 18 years, with active oncological disease who were under treatment with opioids for pain control and Karnofsky≥50 and OIC with inadequate response to treatment with laxative (s).

-Paclitaxel Plus Durvalumab in Patients With Previously Treated Advanced Stage Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (ABOUND.2L+).

The standard therapy for advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with no actionable gene alterations is a platinum-based chemotherapy doublet and immune checkpoint blocker (ICB), either concurrently or sequentially, followed by docetaxel at the time of tumor progression. However, more effective treatments are needed. We evaluated the -paclitaxel and durvalumab combination in patients with previously treated advanced stage NSCLC.

Prognostic factors for survival in patients with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma: An analysis of the SEER database.

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) is the main cause of death related to lung cancer. The aim of this study was to identify poor prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) in patients with stage IV lung ADC in real-world clinical practice.

Methods: Patients were selected from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database.

Efficacy of naloxegol on symptoms and quality of life related to opioid-induced constipation in patients with cancer: a 3-month follow-up analysis.

Objectives: Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) can affect up to 63% of all patients with cancer. The objectives of this study were to assess quality of life as well as efficacy and safety of naloxegol, in patients with cancer with OIC.

Methods: An observational study was made of a cohort of patients with cancer and with OIC exhibiting an inadequate response to laxatives and treated with naloxegol.

Quality of life with second or third line -paclitaxel-based regimens in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

Evaluate quality of life (QoL) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with second or third line -paclitaxel ± durvalumab. Longitudinal QoL was assessed using Lung Cancer Symptom Scale, EuroQoL Five-Dimensions Five-Levels and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire 30-item core. QoL was generally stable through eight treatment cycles (both arms).

A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 1b/2 Study of Rilotumumab or Ganitumab in Combination With Platinum-Based Chemotherapy as First-Line Treatment for Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Introduction/background: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1b/2 study we assessed the efficacy/safety of rilotumumab or ganitumab combined with etoposide and carboplatin or cisplatin as first-line treatment in patients with extensive stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC).

Patients And Methods: In the phase 1b study, patients received rilotumumab 15 mg/kg or ganitumab 18 mg/kg with etoposide and carboplatin or cisplatin. In the phase 2 study, patients were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to receive placebo, rilotumumab, or ganitumab with etoposide and carboplatin or cisplatin.

Randomized Phase III Trial of Erlotinib versus Docetaxel in Patients with Advanced Squamous Cell Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Failing First-Line Platinum-Based Doublet Chemotherapy Stratified by VeriStrat Good versus VeriStrat Poor. The European Thoracic Oncology Platform (ETOP) EMPHASIS-lung Trial.

Introduction: Docetaxel and erlotinib are registered second-line treatments for wild-type EGFR NSCLC. Previous studies suggested a predictive value of the VeriStrat test in second-line therapy of NSCLC, classifying patients as either VeriStrat good or VeriStrat poor. EMPHASIS-lung aimed at exploring this predictive effect in patients with squamous cell NSCLC.

Atezolizumab versus docetaxel in patients with previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer (OAK): a phase 3, open-label, multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Background: Atezolizumab is a humanised antiprogrammed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) monoclonal antibody that inhibits PD-L1 and programmed death-1 (PD-1) and PD-L1 and B7-1 interactions, reinvigorating anticancer immunity. We assessed its efficacy and safety versus docetaxel in previously treated patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.

Methods: We did a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial (OAK) in 194 academic or community oncology centres in 31 countries.

Gemcitabine and vinorelbine followed by weekly docetaxel in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase II trial of sequential chemotherapy.

Unlabelled: Objective. We conducted this phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of the sequential nonplatinum combination chemotherapy consisting of gemcitabine (GEM) and vinorelbine (VNR) followed by weekly docetaxel (DOC) in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and methods.

Solitary metastasis in a nasal fossa as the first manifestation of a renal carcinoma.

Renal cell carcinoma is an uncommon tumor in adults. Metastasis in the nasal fossa is rare, and can become apparent as a result of repeated epistaxis. We report a patient with renal cell carcinoma presenting with epistaxis secondary to a metastasis in the right nasal fossa.

Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia simulating progression in bronchioloalveolar carcinoma.

Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) is a clinicopathologic syndrome with characteristic features. The diagnosis of BOOP requires the presence of a combination of pathological, clinical, and radiological features. We report the case of a lung cancer patient with bronquiloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) presenting with BOOP after chemotherapy with docetaxel and gemcitabine producing severe respiratory insufficiency, and simulating a progression of the tumor.

Cytoreductive surgery and intraoperative intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin.

The median survival in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal adenocarcinoma is,with conventional approaches, only about six months. Combined treatment consisting of maxi-mum cytoreductive surgery plus intraoperative intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy has been shown, albeit in small non-comparative series, to increase disease-free survival and overall survival, compared with previous series. Further, a randomized trial has demonstrated better results (a median survival of 22.

Secondary signet-ring cell tumour of the prostate derived from a primary gastric malignancy.

Primary signet-ring cell carcinoma of the prostate is infrequent and even more so as secondary spread of this pathologic sub-type to the prostate. We describe the sixth reported case with a diagnosis of a secondary signet-ring cell tumour of the prostate secondary to a gastric cancer. Five years post-gastrectomy to resect signet-ring cell carcinoma, we detected a secondary intra-prostatic spread with urinary tract obstruction.

Continuous-infusion vinorelbine for the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase I/II study.

Background: In this phase I/II trial, the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and activity of vinorelbine administered in continuous infusion as first-line treatment for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was determined in 25 consecutive chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced NSCLC.

Patients And Methods: Vinorelbine was administered as an initial intravenous (I.V.

[Adrenal carcinoma: 7 year disease free survival after complete primary tumor resection and repeated resection of local-regional and distant recurrences. Review after one case with poor initial life expectancy].

Objectives: We report the case of a female patient with adrenal carcinoma who had undergone surgery and presented with local-regional and distant recurrences, emphasizing the importance of the aggressive surgical treatment to achieve long-term survival which is unexpected sometimes. Currently, it represents the gold standard and all cases should be reported to stimulate other groups to work in this line.

Methods/results: We report the case of a 29-year-old female patient who consulted for left flank pain, being diagnosed of an adrenal tumor by radiological tests; she underwent surgical excision of a left adrenal carcinoma (stage II).