Deriving wetland-cover types (WCTs) from integration of multispectral indices based on Earth observation data.

The wetland cover is defined as the spatially homogenous region of a wetland attributed to the underlying biophysical conditions such as vegetation, turbidity, hydric soil, and the amount of water. Here, we present a novel method to derive the wetland-cover types (WCTs) combining three commonly used multispectral indices, NDVI, MNDWI, and NDTI, in three large Ramsar wetlands located in different geomorphic and climatic settings across India. These wetlands include the Kaabar Tal, a floodplain wetland in east Ganga Plains, Chilika Lagoon, a coastal wetland in eastern India, and Nal Sarovar in semi-arid western India.

Evaluating dynamic hydrological connectivity of a floodplain wetland in North Bihar, India using geostatistical methods.

Spatio-temporal connectivity patterns of a wetland as a function of the land use/land cover (LULC) of its catchment have been analysed in a GIS environment. An innovative method has been implemented for mapping 'dynamic hydrological connectivity' for a water-stressed wetland of Kosi-Ganga interfluve area in the middle Ganga Plains, India for pre- and post-monsoon seasons over a time-span of 29 years (1989 to 2017). It was accomplished by using the time-series NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) data and the connectivity response unit (CRU) approach by applying geostatistical methods namely the Getis-Ord Gi* and Mann-Kendall trend test statistics.