Changes in the lipidome are associated with immune activation and subclinical vascular disease in youth with HIV in Uganda.

This study examined the changes in the lipidome and associations with immune activation and cardiovascular disease markers in youth living with perinatally acquired HIV (YPHIV). The serum lipidome was measured in ART-treated YPHIV (n=100) and HIV- Ugandan children (n=98) Plasma markers of systemic inflammation, monocyte activation, gut integrity, T cell activation, as well as and common carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were evaluated at baseline and 96 weeks. Overall, median age was 12 years,52% were females.

Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism of An Alkaloid Rutaecarpine in LTA-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells: Pivotal Role on NF-κB and ERK/p38 Signaling Molecules.

Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a key cell wall component and virulence factor of Gram-positive bacteria. LTA contributes a major role in infection and it mediates inflammatory responses in the host. Rutaecarpine, an indolopyridoquinazolinone alkaloid isolated from has shown a variety of fascinating biological properties such as anti-thrombotic, anticancer, anti-obesity and thermoregulatory, vasorelaxing activity.

Influence of Garlic (Allium sativum) Clove-Based Selenium Nanoparticles on Status of Nutritional, Biochemical, Enzymological, and Gene Expressions in the Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879).

Selenium (Se) is one of the essential micronutrients for performing vital body functions. This study aims at examining the influence of dietary supplementation of garlic clove-based green-synthesized selenium nanoparticles (GBGS-SeNPs, 48-87 nm) on carcass minerals and trace elements, and growth, biochemical, enzymological, and gene expression analyses in the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii post larvae (PL). The 96 h LC of this GBGS-SeNPs to M.

Corrigendum to "Auraptene, a Monoterpene Coumarin, Inhibits LTA-Induced Inflammatory Mediators via Modulating NF-B/MAPKs Signaling Pathways".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2021/5319584.].

Targeting MAPK/NF-κB Pathways in Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Rutaecarpine: Impact on Src/FAK-Mediated Macrophage Migration.

Studies have discovered that different extracts of and its phytochemicals show a variety of biological activities associated with inflammation. Although rutaecarpine, an alkaloid isolated from the unripe fruit of , has been exposed to have anti-inflammatory properties, the mechanism of action has not been well studied. Thus, this study investigated the molecular mechanisms of rutaecarpine (RUT) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.

Auraptene, a Monoterpene Coumarin, Inhibits LTA-Induced Inflammatory Mediators via Modulating NF-B/MAPKs Signaling Pathways.

Objective: Oxidative stress-mediated inflammatory events involve in the progress of several diseases such as asthma, cancers, and multiple sclerosis. Auraptene (AU), a natural prenyloxycoumarin, possesses numerous pharmacological activities. Here, the anti-inflammatory effects of AU were investigated in lipoteichoic acid- (LTA-) induced macrophage cells (RAW 264.

Columbianadin Dampens In Vitro Inflammatory Actions and Inhibits Liver Injury via Inhibition of NF-κB/MAPKs: Impacts on OH Radicals and HO-1 Expression.

Columbianadin (CBN), a natural coumarin isolated from is reported to have numerous biological activities, including anticancer and platelet aggregation inhibiting properties. Here, we investigated CBN's anti-inflammatory effect in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell activation and deciphered the signaling process, which could be targeted by CBN as part of the mechanisms.

Variation in the Occurrence of Genotypes of in Periodontal Health and Disease.

is regarded as a "keystone pathogen" in periodontitis. The fimbria assists in the initial attachment, biofilm organization, and bacterial adhesion leading to the invasion and colonization of host epithelial cells. The present study aimed to investigate the occurrence of genotypes in patients with chronic periodontitis and healthy individuals in the Indian population, and to study their association with the number of cells obtained in subgingival plaque samples of these subjects.

Cyanobacterial blooms modify food web structure and interactions in western Lake Erie.

With anthropogenic eutrophication and climate change causing an increase in cyanobacterial blooms worldwide, the need to understand the consequences of these blooms on aquatic ecosystems is paramount. Key questions remain unanswered with respect to how cyanobacteria blooms affect the structure of aquatic food webs, the foraging abilities of higher consumers, and the potential for cyanotoxins (e.g.

Ruthenium derivatives attenuate LPS-induced inflammatory responses and liver injury via suppressing NF-κB signaling and free radical production.

Ruthenium metal complex has been shown to exert several chemical and biological activities. A series of three novel ruthenium derivatives (TQ 1, 2 and 4) were synthesized to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages and mice liver injury. The hydroxyl radical (OH°) scavenging activity of these derivatives has also been evaluated.

Curcumin protects sodium nitrite-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats.

In this study, the protective effect of curcumin on sodium nitrite (NaNO) induced hepatotoxicity was assessed in male Wistar rats. Wistar rats were administered orally daily with 20 mg/kg of curcumin for 28 days and NaNO was administered as a single dose of 60 mg/kg on day 28. Lipid profile, liver function biomarkers and C-reactive protein were assessed in the serum; lipid peroxidation, non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants were assessed in the liver.

A Critical Period for the Development of Schizophrenia-Like Pathology by Aberrant Postnatal Neurogenesis.

Schizophrenia is a complex and serious mental disorder, and patients with schizophrenia are characterized by psychological hallucinations, deregulated emotionality, and cognitive impairment. Evidence indicated that postnatal neurogenesis in the hippocampus is profoundly impaired in schizophrenic individuals but the role of such dysregulated neurodevelopmental processing in the pathophysiological progress of schizophrenia has not been well investigated. Here in this study, by using the rodent model of schizophrenia through maternal immune activation of poly (I:C) injection, we aimed to examine whether the postnatal neurogenesis might be involved in the development of schizophrenia-like pathology.

Effect of Size and Crystalline Phase of TiO₂ Nanoparticles on Photocatalytic Inactivation of .

We studied the size dependent toxicity of TiO₂ nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs; 5-50 nm) of the anatase and rutile crystalline phases (including the mixture of anatase and rutile) against the model organism . All the TiO₂ NPs were characterized and their photocatalytic inactivation of was studied under the solar simulated light irradiation and dark conditions. In addition, the mechanism of toxicity was studied by measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS), an indicator of oxidative stress.

Protective Effects of Against CCl-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rats.

Linn. is commonly used as a traditional medicine in India and China. The antioxidant potential of an ethanolic extract of (EEAB; 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) was evaluated against CCL-induced toxicity in rats.

Structure⁻Activity Relationship Study of Newly Synthesized Iridium-III Complexes as Potential Series for Treating Thrombotic Diseases.

Platelets play a major role in hemostatic events and are associated with various pathological events, such as arterial thrombosis and atherosclerosis. Iridium (Ir) compounds are potential alternatives to platinum compounds, since they exert promising anticancer effects without cellular toxicity. Our recent studies found that Ir compounds show potent antiplatelet properties.

Possible Molecular Targets of Novel Ruthenium Complexes in Antiplatelet Therapy.

In oncotherapy, ruthenium (Ru) complexes are reflected as potential alternatives for platinum compounds and have been proved as encouraging anticancer drugs with high efficacy and low side effects. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are mutually considered as the number one killer globally, and thrombosis is liable for the majority of CVD-related deaths. Platelets, an anuclear and small circulating blood cell, play key roles in hemostasis by inhibiting unnecessary blood loss of vascular damage by making blood clot.

Optimization of extraction methods for quantification of microcystin-LR and microcystin-RR in fish, vegetable, and soil matrices using UPLC-MS/MS.

Human-driven environmental change has increased the occurrence of harmful cyanobacteria blooms in aquatic ecosystems. Concomitantly, exposure to microcystin (MC), a cyanobacterial toxin that can accumulate in animals, edible plants, and agricultural soils, has become a growing public health concern. For accurate estimation of health risks and timely monitoring, availability of reliable detection methods is imperative.

Hinokitiol Inhibits Migration of A549 Lung Cancer Cells via Suppression of MMPs and Induction of Antioxidant Enzymes and Apoptosis.

Hinokitiol, a natural monoterpenoid from the heartwood of , has been reported to have anticancer effects against various cancer cell lines. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms and the inhibiting roles of hinokitiol on adenocarcinoma A549 cells remain to be fully elucidated. Thus, the current study was designed to evaluate the effect of hinokitiol on the migration of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells in vitro.

Fresh produce and their soils accumulate cyanotoxins from irrigation water: Implications for public health and food security.

Microcystin (MC), a hepatotoxin that can adversely affect human health, has become more prevalent in freshwater ecosystems worldwide, owing to an increase in toxic cyanobacteria blooms. While consumption of water and fish are well-documented exposure pathways of MCs to humans, less is known about the potential transfer to humans through consumption of vegetables that have been irrigated with MC-contaminated water. Likewise, the impact of MC on the performance of food crops is understudied.

Ketamine, a Clinically Used Anesthetic, Inhibits Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation via PP2A-Activated PI3K/Akt/ERK Inhibition.

Abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) gives rise to major pathological processes involved in the development of cardiovascular diseases. The use of anti-proliferative agents for VSMCs offers potential for the treatment of vascular disorders. Intravenous anesthetics are firmly established to have direct effects on VSMCs, resulting in modulation of blood pressure.

Nanostructures: Current uses and future applications in food science.

Recent developments in nanoscience and nanotechnology intend novel and innovative applications in the food sector, which is rather recent compared with their use in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Nanostructured materials are having applications in various sectors of the food science comprising nanosensors, new packaging materials, and encapsulated food components. Nanostructured systems in food include polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, nanoemulsions, and microemulsions.

Metabolic Alterations and the Protective Effect of Punicalagin Against Glutamate-Induced Oxidative Toxicity in HT22 Cells.

Oxidative stress is involved in many neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Punicalagin (PC) is a hydrolysable polyphenol derived from Punica granatum and a potent antioxidant. In this study, the neuroprotective effect of PC on glutamate-induced oxidative stress was evaluated in the mouse hippocampal cell line, HT22.

In vitro biodegradation of cyanotoxins in the rumen fluid of cattle.

Background: In countries around the Baltic Sea grazing ruminants have access to and drink, surface water from lakes, rivers and in several coastal regions. The water quality of these naturally occurring reservoirs affects performance and health of livestock. In the Baltic Sea both microcystin (MC) and nodularin (NOD) occurs as cyclic peptides and have hepatotoxic effects.

Protective effect of Actiniopteris radiata (Sw.) Link. against CCl₄ induced oxidative stress in albino rats.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Actiniopteris radiata is a herb with great medicinal value and is evaluated for hepatoprotective activity. To investigate the protective effect of ethanolic extract of Actiniopteris radiata (EEAR) on CCl₄ induced oxidative stress in male Wistar albino rats.

Materials And Methods: EEAR were administered for 8 consecutive weeks to rats.