A reference standard for urinary tract infection research: a multidisciplinary Delphi consensus study.

The absence of a consensus-based reference standard for urinary tract infection (UTI) research adversely affects the internal and external validity of diagnostic and therapeutic studies. This omission hinders the accumulation of evidence for a disease that imposes a substantial burden on patients and society, particularly in an era of increasing antimicrobial resistance. We did a three-round Delphi study involving an international, multidisciplinary panel of UTI experts (n=46) and achieved a high degree of consensus (94%) on the final reference standard.

Definitions of Urinary Tract Infection in Current Research: A Systematic Review.

Defining urinary tract infection (UTI) is complex, as numerous clinical and diagnostic parameters are involved. In this systematic review, we aimed to gain insight into how UTI is defined across current studies. We included 47 studies, published between January 2019 and May 2022, investigating therapeutic or prophylactic interventions in adult patients with UTI.

Intravesical aminoglycoside instillations as prophylaxis for recurrent urinary tract infection: patient satisfaction, long-term safety and efficacy.

Background: Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common, especially in women. When oral antimicrobial prophylaxis is ineffective or not possible due to allergies or antimicrobial resistance, intravesical aminoglycoside instillations (IAIs) are a non-systemic alternative.

Objectives: To assess treatment satisfaction, long-term safety and efficacy of IAIs for recurrent UTI.

Current Pyuria Cutoffs Promote Inappropriate Urinary Tract Infection Diagnosis in Older Women.

Background: Pre-existing lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), cognitive impairment, and the high prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) complicate the diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) in older women. The presence of pyuria remains the cornerstone of UTI diagnosis. However, >90% of ASB patients have pyuria, prompting unnecessary treatment.

Faecal microbiota replacement to eradicate antimicrobial resistant bacteria in the intestinal tract - a systematic review.

Purpose Of Review: Antimicrobial resistance is a rising threat to global health and is associated with increased mortality. Intestinal colonisation with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) can precede invasive infection and facilitates spread within communities and hospitals. Novel decolonisation strategies, such as faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), are being explored.

The effect of mirabegron on energy expenditure and brown adipose tissue in healthy lean South Asian and Europid men.

Aim: To compare the effects of cold exposure and the β3-adrenergic receptor agonist mirabegron on plasma lipids, energy expenditure and brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity in South Asians versus Europids.

Materials And Methods: Ten lean Dutch South Asian (aged 18-30 years; body mass index [BMI] 18-25 kg/m ) and 10 age- and BMI-matched Europid men participated in a randomized, double-blinded, cross-over study consisting of three interventions: short-term (~ 2 hours) cold exposure, mirabegron (200 mg one dose p.o.

Chlamydia caviae Causing Community-Acquired Pneumonia: An Emerging Zoonosis.

We describe a case of community-acquired pneumonia due to Chlamydia caviae in a patient with no direct animal exposure, raising questions about the zoonotic reservoirs and potential transmission routes. Genotyping of Chamydia isolates that cause pneumonia should be performed for a precise diagnosis and to initiate adequate infection control measures.

A novel view on the pathogenesis of complications after intravesical BCG for bladder cancer.

Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is widely used for high-risk, non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. This report describes four cases that illustrate the spectrum of BCG-induced complications, varying from granulomatous prostatitis to sepsis. There is considerable debate regarding whether inflammation or infection is the predominant mechanism in the pathogenesis of BCG disease.