Pneumonia Risk, Antipsychotic Dosing, and Anticholinergic Burden in Schizophrenia.

Importance: Antipsychotic drugs (particularly clozapine) have been associated with pneumonia in observational studies. Despite studies of the associations between antipsychotic use and incident pneumonia, it remains unclear to what degree antipsychotic use is associated with increased risk of pneumonia, whether dose-response associations exist, and what agents are specifically associated with incident pneumonia.

Objective: To estimate pneumonia risk associated with specific antipsychotics and examine whether polytherapy, dosing, and receptor binding properties are associated with pneumonia in patients with schizophrenia.

Dopamine D2 receptor antagonism of antipsychotics and the risk of death due to choking.

The risk of fatal choking for people with schizophrenia and associations with antipsychotic medication are largely unknown. Therefore, we calculated the choking-related standardized mortality ratio for schizophrenia relative to the general population (SMR). We also computed adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) of choking-related mortality for antipsychotics in a nationwide cohort of patients with schizophrenia (N = 59,916).

The potential of construction robotics to reduce airborne virus transmission in the construction industry in the UK and China.

This paper aims to identify construction robotics' potential to reduce airborne virus transmission, review factors limiting the technology's adoption and highlight how similar barriers have been addressed in other industries. Construction robotics were identified and classified into 8 themes with 25 categories through a critical literature review. We undertook interviews with 4 construction contractors and conducted an online questionnaire with 32 experts from the UK (n=14) and China (n=18) who reviewed the robotic systems we identified and ranked the potential ability of each to reduce airborne virus transmission within the construction industry.

Pharmacological Management of Cholera: A Century of Expert Opinions in Cecil Textbook of Medicine.

Background: Cholera is a potentially lethal diarrheal disease produced by Vibrio cholerae serotypes O1 El Tor and O139. Known since antiquity, the condition causes epidemics in many areas, particularly in Asia, Africa, and South America. Left untreated, the mortality may reach 50%.

The Amaryllidaceae alkaloid, montanine, is a potential inhibitor of the trans-sialidase enzyme.

is the parasite that causes the chronic malady known as Chagas disease (CD). Only nifurtimox and benznidazole are currently approved to treat CD in acute and chronic phases. To minimize the danger of disease transmission and as a therapy, new compounds that are safer and more effective are required.

Bed Rest After Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Century of Expert Opinions in Cecil Textbook of Medicine.

Background: Complete bed rest has been a component of the management of acute myocardial infarction, which was first diagnosed in the United States in 1912. The prescribed duration of bed rest has been progressively shortened in the past century.

Study Question: What are the milestones of the changes in the expert approach to the duration of bed rest for patients with acute myocardial infarction?

Study Design: To determine the changes in the experts' approach to the duration of bed rest after a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, as presented in a widely used textbook in the United States.

Dataset of characterised construction safety risks and related treatments.

The Safety Risk Library [1] is a structured database [2] that integrates knowledge drawn from multiple sources to address the problem of information disaggregation in the construction industry. This knowledge base maps construction safety risk scenarios to treatment suggestions that help designers implement the concept of prevention through design. In the context of the Safety Risk Library, risk scenarios are characterised by six data categories based on a formalised ontology [3].

A systematic review of the application of immersive technologies for safety and health management in the construction sector.

Introduction: The construction industry employs about 7% of global manpower and contributes about 6% to the global economy. However, statistics have depicted that the construction industry contributes significantly to workplace fatalities and injuries despite multiple interventions (including technological applications) implemented by governments and construction companies. Recently, immersive technologies as part of a suite of industry 4.

Drug-drug interactions involving combinations of antipsychotic agents with antidiabetic, lipid-lowering, and weight loss drugs.

Introduction: Patients with severe mental illness (SMI) have a high risk for diabetes, dyslipidemia, and other components of metabolic syndrome. Patients with these metabolic comorbidities and cardiac risk factors should receive not only antipsychotics but also medications aiming to reduce cardiovascular risk. Therefore, many patients may be exposed to clinically relevant drug-drug interactions.

Pharmacological Management of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Century of Expert Opinions in Cecil Textbook of Medicine.

Background: Advances in drug therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis have had an extraordinary impact on the incidence of tuberculosis in the United States in the past century, which has decreased from 113/100,000 persons in 1920 to 2.2/100,000 in 2020. Modern treatments have contributed to a remarkable decrease in hospitalizations and mortality and have had a significant impact on the duration and severity of illness, quality of life, and work potential of affected persons.

Prehospital Care of Coronary Artery Disease and Its Major Risk Factors in Geropsychiatric Inpatients.

Background: Older adults with serious mental illness have a high prevalence of coronary artery disease and of its major risk factors, that is, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. The prevalence and clinical control of these conditions have not been compared in geropsychiatric inpatients with dementia versus those with mood or psychotic disorders.

Study Question: What is the prevalence and acuity of coronary artery disease, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus among patients with dementia, mood, and psychotic disorders admitted for geropsychiatric care?

Study Design: Patients 65 years of age or older were identified in a cohort of 1000 patients consecutively admitted over a 3-year period to the geropsychiatric unit of a 200-bed mental health hospital in suburban New York.

Pharmacological Management of Obesity: A Century of Expert Opinions in Cecil Textbook of Medicine.

Background: Innovations in drug therapy for obesity have had a limited impact on the body mass index, prevalence of medical complications, quality of life, and work potential of a substantial majority of affected persons.

Study Question: What are the milestones of the changes in the expert approach to the pharmacological management of obesity in the past century?

Study Design: To determine the changes in the experts' approach to the management of obesity, as presented in a widely used textbook in the United States.

Data Sources: The primary sources were chapters describing the management of obesity in the 26 editions of Cecil Textbook of Medicine published from 1927 through 2020.

Drug-drug interactions involving antipsychotics and antihypertensives.

Introduction: Antipsychotics represent the mainstay in the treatment of patients diagnosed with major psychiatric disorders. Hypertension, among other components of metabolic syndrome, is a common finding in these patients. For their psychiatric and physical morbidity, many patients receive polypharmacy, exposing them to the risk of clinically relevant drug-drug interactions.

Pharmacological Management of Primary Arterial Hypertension: A Century of Expert Opinions in Cecil Textbook of Medicine.

Background: Advances in drug therapy for primary (or essential) arterial hypertension have contributed to a significant decrease in the frequency and severity of strokes, coronary artery disease and heart failure, and chronic renal insufficiency.

Study Question: What are the milestones of the changes in the expert approach to the pharmacological management of arterial hypertension in the past century?

Study Design: To determine the changes in the experts' approach to the management of arterial hypertension, as presented in a widely used textbook in the United States.

Data Sources: The chapters presenting the management of arterial hypertension in the 26 editions of Cecil Textbook of Medicine published from 1927 through 2020.