High-Nuclearity LnAl Clusters: Neonates of Open Hollow Dodecahedral Cage Families.

Open hollow dodecahedral cage clusters have long been a coveted target in synthetic chemistry, yet their creation poses immense challenges. Here we report two open hollow dodecahedral lanthanide-aluminum (Ln-Al) heterometallic cage clusters, namely, [LnAl(μ-OH)(μ-OH)(OAc)(HO)](ClO)·(MeCN)·(HO), (Ln = Dy and = 27, = 300 for ; Ln = Y and = 28, = 420 for ). Remarkably, the 350 metal atoms in and display a Keplerate-type four-shell structure of truncated icosidodecahedron@dodecahedron@dodecahedron@icosidodecahedron.

Achieving Magnetic Refrigerants with Large Magnetic Entropy Changes and Low Magnetic Ordering Temperatures.

Adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration (ADR) is a promising cooling technology with high efficiency and exceptional stability in achieving ultralow temperatures, playing an indispensable role at the forefront of fundamental and applied science. However, a significant challenge for ADR is that existing magnetic refrigerants struggle to concurrently achieve low magnetic ordering temperatures () and substantial magnetic entropy changes (-Δ) at ultralow temperatures. In this work, we propose the combination of Gd and Yb to effectively regulate both -Δ and in ultralow temperatures.

pH-Driven Rotational Configuration of Keggin-Fe Clusters and Their Transformations.

Keggin-Fe clusters are considered foundational building blocks or prenucleation precursors of ferrihydrite. Understanding the factors that influence the rotational configuration of these clusters, and their transformations in water, is vital for comprehending the formation mechanism of ferrihydrite. Here, we report syntheses and crystal structures of four lanthanide-iron-oxo clusters, namely, [DyFe(Gly)(μ-OH)(μ-OH)(μ-O)(HO)]·13ClO·19HO (), [DyFe(Gly)(μ-OH)(μ-O)(HO)]·13ClO·14HO (), [PrFe(Gly)(μ-OH)(μ-O)(μ-O)(HO)]·6ClO·20HO (), and [PrFe(Gly)(μ-OH)(μ-O)(HO)]·13ClO·22HO (, Gly = glycine).

Accurate Prediction of the Magnetic Ordering Temperature of Ultralow-Temperature Magnetic Refrigerants.

Adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration is known to be the only cryogenic refrigeration technology that can achieve ultralow temperatures (≪1 K) at gravity-free conditions. The key indexes to evaluate the performance of magnetic refrigerants are their magnetic entropy changes (-Δ) and magnetic ordering temperature (). Although, based on the factors affecting the -Δ of magnetic refrigerants, one has been able to judge if a magnetic refrigerant has a large -Δ, how to accurately predict their remains a huge challenge due to the fact that the of magnetic refrigerants is related to not only magnetic exchange but also single-ion anisotropy and magnetic dipole interaction.

Why can Mikania micrantha cover trees quickly during invasion?

The invasion of Mikania micrantha by climbing and covering trees has rapidly caused the death of many shrubs and trees, seriously endangering forest biodiversity. In this study, M. micrantha seedlings were planted together with local tree species (Cryptocarya concinna) to simulate the process of M.

Magneto-optical Properties of Chiral CoLn and CoLn (Ln = Dy and Er) Clusters.

A series of chiral heterometallic Ln-Co clusters, denoted as and (Ln = Dy and Er), were synthesized by reacting the chiral chelating ligand (/)-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)pyridine (Hmpm), CoAc·4HO, and Ln(NO)·6HO. and exhibit perfect mirror images in circular dichroism within the 320-700 nm range. Notably, the and clusters display pronounced magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) responses of the hypersensitive f-f transitions I-G at 375 nm and I-H at 520 nm of Er ions.

Assessing and projecting the global burden of thyroid cancer, 1990-2030: Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study.

Background: This study aims to assess the global incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of thyroid cancer between 1990 and 2030.

Methods: Our study analysed Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 data from 204 countries, spanning 1990-2019. It focused on age-standardised thyroid cancer incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), using the sociodemographic index (SDI) for assessing socioeconomic levels.

Identifying sensors-based parameters associated with fall risk in community-dwelling older adults: an investigation and interpretation of discriminatory parameters.

Background: Falls pose a severe threat to the health of older adults worldwide. Determining gait and kinematic parameters that are related to an increased risk of falls is essential for developing effective intervention and fall prevention strategies. This study aimed to investigate the discriminatory parameter, which lay an important basis for developing effective clinical screening tools for identifying high-fall-risk older adults.

Single-molecule magnet behavior in heterometallic decanuclear [LnFe] (Ln = Y, Dy, Ho, Tb, Gd) coordination clusters.

Five decanuclear lanthanide-iron clusters, formulated as [LnFe(hmp)(μ-OH)(μ-OH)(μ-O)(HO)]·6ClO·HO ( ≈ 8, Ln = Y for 1; ≈ 6, Ln = Dy for 2; ≈ 6, Ln = Ho for 3; ≈ 7, Ln = Tb for 4; ≈ 7, Ln = Gd for 5, Hhmp = 2-(hydroxymethyl)pyridine), have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Single-crystal structural analysis reveals that the cluster consists of six face-sharing defective cubane units. Dynamic magnetic investigations indicated that cluster 2 exhibits single-molecule magnet behavior under a zero dc field eliciting an effective energy barrier of = 17.

Design of a chimeric glycosyltransferase OleD for the site-specific O-monoglycosylation of 3-hydroxypyridine in nosiheptide.

To identify the potential role of the 3-hydroxyl group of the pyridine ring in nosiheptide (NOS) for its antibacterial activity against Gram-positive pathogens, enzymatic glycosylation was utilized to regio-selectively create a monoglycosyl NOS derivative, NOS-G. For this purpose, we selected OleD, a UDP glycosyltransferase from Streptomyces antibioticus that has a low productivity for NOS-G. Activity of the enzyme was increased by swapping domains derived from OleI, both single and in combination.

A Systematic Review of Wearable Sensor-Based Technologies for Fall Risk Assessment in Older Adults.

Falls have been recognized as the major cause of accidental death and injury in people aged 65 and above. The timely prediction of fall risks can help identify older adults prone to falls and implement preventive interventions. Recent advancements in wearable sensor-based technologies and big data analysis have spurred the development of accurate, affordable, and easy-to-use approaches to fall risk assessment.

Functionalization of Keggin Fe-Oxo Clusters.

Two Keggin Fe-oxo clusters, [PrFe(NO)(L-van)(D-van)(TEOA)(μ-OH)(μ-OH)(μ-O)(HO)]·(ClO)·(NO)·10HO () and [DyFe(NO)(L-van)(D-van)(TEOA)(μ-OH)(μ-OH)(μ-O)(HO)]·(ClO)·(NO)·15HO (), where L-van = l-valine, D-van = d-valine, and TEOA = triethanolamine, were prepared by using Ln as a stabilizer. Cluster crystallizes in a chiral space group of 2, while cluster crystallizes in a centrosymmetric space group of . Dynamic magnetic measurements of under a zero direct-current field reveal that exhibits single-molecule-magnet characteristics with an energy barrier of 18.

Bio-carrier-enhanced aerobic granulation: Effects on the extracellular polymeric substances production and microorganism community.

In this study, the strengthening effect of bio-carrier inoculation in the process of aerobic granulation and its influence on the microbial secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) has been systematically explored, to further understand and perfect the rapid granulation mechanism. Complete granulation was achieved within 15 days, and the granule morphology realized in a reactor inoculated with the bio-carrier (R1) was better than that in the control group (R2), in which complete granulation was not achieved during the entire operation period. However, AGS gradually disintegrated after the 20th day because of the strong shearing force, the crushed AGS enhanced granulation, however did not ensure stability.

Role of the Auxiliary Ligand in the Spontaneous Resolution of Enantiomers in Three-Dimensional Coordination Polymers.

Four pairs of chiral 3D coordination polymers (CPs), [Zn(BDC)(lac)(DMF)]·guest () (HBDC = benzene dicarboxylic acid; Hlac = lactic acid; guest = 1.5DMF + -PrOH), [Co(BDC)(lac)(DMF)]·guest () (guest = DMF + 2HO), [Fe(BDC)(lac)(DMF)](CO)·guest () (guest = DMF + 2HO), and {Zn(BPDC)(lac)[NH(CH)]}·guest (HBPDC = 3,3'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid; guest = 6DMF + 18HO) (), are prepared through the reactions of racemic lactic acid (-Hlac) with different metal ions and auxiliary ligands. Structural analyses and DFT calculations reveal that forming more and stronger coordination bonds between the auxiliary ligand and metal ions is more conducive to the spontaneous resolution of enantiomers in 3D CPs than simply increasing the entropy of the auxiliary ligand itself.

Capturing Lacunary Iron-Oxo Keggin Clusters and Insight Into the Keggin-Fe Cluster Rotational Isomerization.

The formation mechanism of ferrihydrite is the key to understand its treatment of pollutants in waste water and purification of surface water and groundwater. Although emerging evidence suggests that formation of the ferrihydrite occurs through the aggregation of prenucleation clusters, rather than classical atom-by-atom growth, its formation mechanism remains unclear. Herein, an iron-oxo anionic cluster of [Fe (μ -O) (μ -OH) (μ -OH) (CH COO) (H O) ] viewed as a dimer of bivacant β-Keggin-Fe clusters was for the first time obtained by using lanthanide ions as stabilizers.

Cohort Trends in the Association Between Sibship Size and Educational Attainment in 26 Low-Fertility Countries.

Children with many siblings have lower average educational attainment compared with children raised in smaller families, and this disadvantage by sibship size has been observed across many countries. We still know remarkably little, however, about how sibship size disadvantage has changed within countries and how such trends vary across countries. Using comparative data from 111 surveys from 26 low-fertility countries, we find an overall trend of growing sibship size disadvantage across cohorts in the majority of countries: between the 1931-1940 birth cohort and the 1971-1980 birth cohort, 16 of 26 countries showed a statistically significant increase in sibship size disadvantage in education, while only two countries showed a significant reduction in sibship size disadvantage.

Mini-Review: The Non-Immune Functions of Toll-Like Receptors.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of highly conserved pattern recognition receptors that can recognize both pathogen-associated molecular patterns and danger-associated molecular patterns. These receptors are important in the activation of the innate immune system and play a role in shaping the adaptive immune system. For years, the expression of TLRs in the brain has been proposed to contribute to the immunological protection of the central nervous system.

Edaravone, a free radical scavenger, protects neuronal cells' mitochondria from ischemia by inactivating another new critical factor of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway affecting the arachidonic acid metabolism.

To investigate the neuroprotective effect of edaravone was dependent on 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) signalling pathway or not. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) were established in SD rats and PC12 cells to mimic ischemic injury. In vivo, edaravone can significantly reduce neurological deficit scores, infarct volume, ROS level and expression of 5-LOX.