Five Cases of Idiopathic Sciatic Mononeuropathy: Clinical, Electrophysiological, Radiological, and Histological Features.

Background: Common etiologies of sciatic mononeuropathy are compressive, infiltrative, traumatic, or diabetic. However, in a proportion of patients, the etiology remains elusive despite extensive serological, electrophysiological, radiological, and histological investigations.

Methods: Patients with unexplained sciatic mononeuropathy were studied with regard to their clinical, radiological, pathological, and treatment aspects.

Acquired hyperexcitable peripheral nerve disorders: Clinical and laboratory features, therapeutic responses, and long-term follow-up.

Introduction/aims: Hyperexcitable peripheral nerve disorders (HPNDs) are rare. Although their clinical and laboratory features have been well studied, information on treatment and follow-up is limited. The aim of this study is to explore the long-term clinical, investigative, and therapeutic profile of patients with acquired HPNDs.

Correlation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Neurography) and Electrodiagnostic Study Findings with Intraoperative Findings in Post Traumatic Brachial Plexus Palsy.

 The majority of brachial plexus injuries (BPIs) are caused by trauma; most commonly due to two-wheeler road accidents. It is important to determine whether the lesion in question is pre-ganglionic or post-ganglionic for purposes of surgical planning and prognosis. Diagnostic testing helps the surgeon to not only decide whether surgical intervention is required, but also in planning the procedure, thereby maximizing the patient's chances of early return to function.

Medial Plantar Sensory Nerve Action Potential: A Study for Reference Data in Indian Subjects.

Context: The medial plantar nerve (MP) sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) has been shown to be a sensitive indicator for detecting a length-dependent axonal peripheral neuropathy. However, literature survey shows paucity of age stratified data. This study was undertaken to obtain age stratified reference data for MP SNAP amplitude and latency.

Revising nerve conduction reference limits.

Introduction/aims: Our electrodiagnostic laboratory uses reference limits (RL) that have been handed down for four decades. With changes in instrumentation and technique, we wish to know if our RL should be modified. It is also useful to have RL based on patient demographics.

Interconnections Between the Oral and Gut Microbiomes: Reversal of Microbial Dysbiosis and the Balance Between Systemic Health and Disease.

The human microbiota represents a complex array of microbial species that influence the balance between the health and pathology of their surrounding environment. These microorganisms impart important biological benefits to their host, such as immune regulation and resistance to pathogen colonization. Dysbiosis of microbial communities in the gut and mouth precede many oral and systemic diseases such as cancer, autoimmune-related conditions, and inflammatory states, and can involve the breakdown of innate barriers, immune dysregulation, pro-inflammatory signaling, and molecular mimicry.

Optimizing Investigations for Evaluation of Enlargements of the Roots, Plexuses and Nerves: A Study of 133 Patients.

Background And Aims: A wide variety of neurological diseases result in clinical and/or radiological enlargement of nerves, roots and plexuses. With the advancement in techniques and use of magnetic resonance neurography (MRN), aided by electrophysiology, proximal segments of the lower motor neuron (LMN) can be well studied. The relative merits of investigative modalities have not been well defined and comprehensive information on this subject is sparse.

Chronic immune polyradiculopathies: Three clinical variants of one disease?

Introduction: Chronic immune polyradiculopathies (sensory, motor, and mixed) are uncommon.

Methods: In this single-center, retrospective study, the inclusion criteria for participants were progressive sensory ataxia and/or areflexic limb weakness; tibial somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) abnormalities of the N22 and P40 potentials with normal sensory and motor nerve conduction studies or root involvement, according to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); and albuminocytological dissociation.

Results: Eight patients were included in our study.

Sural Radial Amplitude Ratio: A Study in Healthy Indian Subjects.

Context: The amplitude ratio of sural radial sensory nerve action potential is used as a sensitive measure for the diagnosis of an early distal axonal peripheral neuropathy. There is no age-stratified reference data available.

Aim: To establish age-stratified sural radial amplitude ratio (SRAR) reference data in healthy Indian subjects.

Epidemiological Survey of Neurological Diseases in a Tribal Population Cluster in Gujarat.

Background: There are few community-based neuroepidemiological studies based in tribal communities. This cross-sectional community-based study explored the prevalence rates of neurological disorders in the tribal region of Kaparada in Gujarat.

Methodology: A two-stage methodology was used.

Clinico-Electrophysiological and Genetic Overlaps and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Charcot-Marie- Tooth Disease: A Pilot Study from Western India.

Background: Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is clinically and genetically heterogeneous. There are no published series describing clinical, electrophysiological, and genetic information on CMT from the Indian subcontinent. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) neurography technique provides useful information about the plexus and roots and can be employed in patients with CMT.

Dorsal Sural Sensory Nerve Action Potential: A Study for Reference Values.

Background: Dorsal sural sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) could help diagnose early or subclinical peripheral neuropathy.

Objectives: To establish reference data for dorsal sural SNAP amplitude, latency, and velocity in healthy participants.

Materials And Methods: A prospective study was conducted in 45 nerves from healthy participants between 18 and 90 years and stratified into three age groups (a = 18-40 years, b = 41-60 years, and c>60 years).

Sural sensory nerve action potential: A study in healthy Indian subjects.

Background: The sural sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) is an important electrodiagnostic study for suspected peripheral neuropathies. Incorrect technique and unavailability of reference data can lead to erroneous conclusions.

Objectives: To establish reference data for sural SNAP in age-stratified healthy subjects at three sites of stimulation.

Two cases of chronic immune sensorimotor polyradiculopathy: Expanding the spectrum of chronic immune polyradiculopathies.

Introduction: Immune-mediated demyelinating radiculopathies restricted to proximal sensory or motor roots are uncommon.

Methods: We report the clinical, electrophysiological, biochemical, and radiological features in 2 patients with chronic immune sensorimotor polyradiculopathy (CISMP).

Results: The patients presented with sensory ataxia, weakness of the lower limbs, and areflexia.

Electrodiagnosis in traumatic brachial plexus injury.

Electrodiagnosis (EDX) is a useful test to accurately localize the site, determine the extent, identify the predominant pathophysiology, and objectively quantify the severity of brachial plexopathies. It can also be used to examine muscles not easily assessed clinically and recognize minimal defects. Post-operatively and on follow up studies, it is important for early detection of re-innervation.

Compressive neuropathy in the upper limb.

Entrampment neuropathy or compression neuropathy is a fairly common problem in the upper limb. Carpal tunnel syndrome is the commonest, followed by Cubital tunnel compression or Ulnar Neuropathy at Elbow. There are rarer entities like supinator syndrome and pronator syndrome affecting the Radial and Median nerves respectively.

Relief from episodic weakness with pyridostigmine in paramyotonia congenita: a family study.

Pyridostigmine relieved episodic weakness in a family with paramyotonia congenita resulting from the R1448C mutation in the sodium channel gene. The transmission was autosomal dominant and the patients had paradoxical myotonia and exercise-induced weakness. On electrophysiological studies there were myotonic potentials, and there was progressive reduction of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitudes after short exercise associated with clinical weakness.

Interpretation of electroneuromyographic studies in diseases of neuromuscular junction and myopathies.

Electroneuromyography (ENMG) also called electrodiagnosis or at times simply (and erroneously) electromyography (EMG), has been used for the diagnosis of neuromuscular and muscle diseases. It consists of tests done serially and assessed collectively, to arrive at a diagnosis of neuromuscular weakness. The test should be treated as an extension of the clinical examination and not a replacement.

Leprosy affects facial nerves at the main trunk: neurolysis can possibly avoid transfer procedures.

The predilective sites of lesions in leprous peripheral nerves are well established, and their surgical decompression is common practice when sensorimotor disorders persist after medication. By contrast, the precise localization of leprous facial neuropathy still remains unclear, and musculofascial transfers have been the only type of surgical treatment. The goal of this study was to clarify where leprosy affects facial nerves and to determine whether neurolysis might suffice to restore facial function.

Intraoperative electroneurodiagnostics to detect a second granuloma in the cubital area of median nerves affected by leprosy: a new approach to prevent incomplete surgery.

A recent work reports on the necessity to localize the most proximal site of leprous ulnar neuritis with intraoperative electroneurodiagnostics. In the present study we wanted to verify the applicability of this method on leprous median nerves. In six patients, seven median nerves were exposed at the wrist, all showing a typical leprous granuloma there.

The stapedial reflex in cephalic tetanus.

Three patients are presented with cephalic tetanus following injuries to the face. Two were adults and one a child. All three had bilateral VIIth cranial nerve involvement and one patient also presented with involvement of the IIIrd, IVth and VIth cranial nerves.