Incidence of cerebral small vessel disease-related MR markers in the Swedish general population 'Good Aging in Skåne'(GÅS) study.

Background And Objectives: Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is associated to cognitive decline and dementia. Neuroimaging changes of CSVD are highly prevalent above 80 years. Only few studies report on incidence of CSVD in high age.

The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on perioperative factors: data from the Swedish Perioperative Register.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected healthcare organizations in many areas. The aim of this study was to describe surgical interventions, anesthesia, and postoperative outcomes in adult patients during the first wave and 1 year into the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden, and to compare these outcomes with outcomes during the same period the year before the pandemic.

Methods: Data were collected from the Swedish PeriOperative Register, and included 417, 233 perioperative registration of patients ≥ 18 years old between period 1 (March-June 2019), period 2 (March-June 2020), and period 3 (March-June 2021).

Haemophilia A and B - evaluation of the Swedish prophylactic regimen by magnetic resonance imaging.

Introduction: Sweden has been a pioneer in the prophylactic treatment of haemophilia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can detect small changes in joints and can therefore give an indication of a risk of developing arthropathy.

Aim: To use MRI to evaluate the outcome of the Swedish 'high-dose regimen' and correlate the findings to age, bleeds, joint score and physical activity.

Postprandial triglyceride levels rather than fat distribution may reflect early signs of disturbed fat metabolism in Iraqi immigrants.

Purpose: Previous studies have shown that at a similar body mass index, Middle Eastern immigrants are more insulin resistant and at higher risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) than native Europeans. Insulin resistance is strongly associated with disturbed fat metabolism and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, fat metabolism is poorly investigated comparing Middle Eastern and European ethnicities.

Favorable fatty acid composition in adipose tissue in healthy Iraqi- compared to Swedish-born men - a pilot study using MRI assessment.

Middle Eastern immigrants are at high-risk for insulin resistance. Fatty acid composition (FAC) plays an important role in the development of insulin resistance but has not been investigated in people of Middle Eastern ancestry. Here, the aim was to assess the FAC in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT and SAT) in healthy Iraqi- and Swedish-born men using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method.

Child Sexual Abuse-Challenging Conditions for Adult Oral Health: A Qualitative Study.

The aim was to analyze perceptions of oral health in adults who have been exposed to child sexual abuse. Eleven participants (10 women), 19 to 56 y of age, who had experienced sexual abuse as children were purposively selected and interviewed in-depth. The participants were encouraged to describe how they perceived the effect of the sexual abuse on their oral health as adults.

Orthodontic appliances and MR image artefacts: An exploratory in vitro and in vivo study using 1.5-T and 3-T scanners.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the artefacts of 12 fixed orthodontic appliances in magnetic resonance images obtained using 1.5-T and 3-T scanners, and to evaluate different imaging sequences designed to suppress metal artefacts.

Materials And Methods: In vitro, study casts of 1 adult with normal occlusion were used.

Levels of education and technical skills in registered nurses working in post-anaesthesia care units in Sweden.

Background: Specialized nursing care should be provided by nurses working in post-anaesthesia care units to ensure safe and successful recovery after surgery and anaesthesia. However, there is no consensus regarding the competence and education needed by nurses working in post-anaesthesia care units.

Aim: The aim of this study is to describe and compare levels of education and technical skills in registered nurses working in post-anaesthesia care units in Sweden, as well as the education that post-anaesthesia care unit nurse managers' desire for registered nurses working in post-anaesthesia care units.

Motility index measured by magnetic resonance enterography is associated with sex and mural thickness.

Background: Recently, a technique has been developed to use magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) for the evaluation of small bowel motility. The hypothesis was that assessment of the motility index (MI) should reflect differences in motility between clinical conditions.

Aim: To aim of the present observational, cross-sectional study was to evaluate the use of the MI in daily clinical practice.

Is good muscle function a protective factor for early signs of knee osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction? The SHIELD cohort study protocol.

Introduction: Knee injury history and increased joint load, respectively, are major risk factors for the development of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Lower extremity muscle function, such as knee muscle strength, influence joint load and may be important for the onset of knee OA. However, the role of muscle function as a possible modifiable protective mechanism for the development of OA after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is not clear.

Quantitative H MRI and MRS of fatty acid composition.

Adipose tissue as well as other depots of fat (triglycerides) are increasingly being recognized as active contributors to the human function and metabolism. In addition to the fat concentration, also the fatty acid chemical composition (FAC) of the triglyceride molecules may play an important part in diseases such as obesity, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, osteoporosis, and cancer. MR spectroscopy and chemical-shift-encoded imaging (CSE-MRI) are established methods for non-invasive quantification of fat concentration in tissue.

Quantified small bowel motility in patients with ulcerative colitis and gastrointestinal symptoms: a pilot study.

Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are common in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), even when the disease is in remission, possibly due to abnormalities in GI motility. Small bowel motility can be assessed globally and in specific intestinal regions during magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) using a displacement mapping technique.

Purpose: To investigate whether small bowel motility in MRE differs between patients with UC and controls, and if altered motility correlates with GI symptoms.

Volumetric analysis of small bowel motility in an unselected cohort of patients with Crohn's disease.

Background: Quantified terminal ileal motility during magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) has been suggested to be used as a biomarker of Crohn's disease (CD). The aim of the present study was to evaluate this method in clinical practice.

Methods: Healthy volunteers and all consecutive patients referred to MRE during a 2-year period were asked to participate and complete the Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Symptom Severity Scale (IBS-SSS) to assess gastrointestinal symptoms.

In vivo comparison of MRI-based and MRS-based quantification of adipose tissue fatty acid composition against gas chromatography.

Purpose: To compare MR-based fatty acid composition (FAC) quantification methods against the gold standard technique, gas chromatography (GC), with comparison of a free and a constrained signal model. The FAC was measured in the healthy and edematous legs of lymphedema patients.

Methods: In vivo MRS and MRI data were acquired from 19 patients at 3 T.

Dynamic 2D and 3D mapping of hyperpolarized pyruvate to lactate conversion in vivo with efficient multi-echo balanced steady-state free precession at 3 T.

The aim of this study was to acquire the transient MRI signal of hyperpolarized tracers and their metabolites efficiently, for which specialized imaging sequences are required. In this work, a multi-echo balanced steady-state free precession (me-bSSFP) sequence with Iterative Decomposition with Echo Asymmetry and Least squares estimation (IDEAL) reconstruction was implemented on a clinical 3 T positron-emission tomography/MRI system for fast 2D and 3D metabolic imaging. Simulations were conducted to obtain signal-efficient sequence protocols for the metabolic imaging of hyperpolarized biomolecules.

Engage In or Refrain From? A Qualitative Exploration of Premarital Sexual Relations Among Female College Students in Tehran.

This study explored the factors that educated young Iranian women consider when they decide whether to have premarital sex. Using a purposive sampling method, 30 in-depth interviews were conducted with female college students in both government and private universities in Tehran in 2005-2006. The respondents included unmarried women who had experienced sexual relations, unmarried women who had abstained, and married women.

Increased perfusion in dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MRI correlates with areas of bone repair and of bone necrosis in patients with Kienböck's disease.

Background: Osteonecrosis of the lunate, Kienböck's disease, can lead to fragmentation of the lunate, carpal collapse, and severe osteoarthritis. Since the etiology of Kienböck's disease is impaired circulation, a diagnostic method capable of assessing perfusion would be valuable. Recent studies have suggested that dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MR examinations at 3 T can assess perfusion in healthy carpal bones.

Assessment of Subfascial Muscle/Water and Fat Accumulation in Lymphedema Patients Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

In patients with arm or leg lymphedema, more fat has been found in the epifascial compartment of the edematous limb compared to the healthy limb. However, not much is known about subfascial fat accumulation in these patients. This study aims to investigate the intramuscular and intermuscular fat and muscle/water volume in lymphedema patients.

High-Resolution MR Imaging of Muscular Fat Fraction-Comparison of Three T-Based Methods and Chemical Shift-Encoded Imaging.

Chemical shift-encoded imaging (CSEI) is the most common magnetic resonance imaging fat-water separation method. However, when high spatial resolution fat fraction (FF) images are desired, CSEI might be challenging owing to the increased interecho spacing. Here, 3 T-based methods have been assessed as alternative methods for obtaining high-resolution FF images.

Spectroscopic differences in posterior insula in patients with chronic temporomandibular pain.

Background and aims Chronic pain including temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain involves a complex interplay between peripheral and central sensitization, endogenous modulatory pathways, cortical processing and integration and numerous psychological, behavioral and social factors. The aim of this study was to compare spectroscopic patterns of N-Acetyl-aspartate (NAA), total creatine (tCr), choline (Cho), myo-inositol (MI), glutamate (Glu), and the combination of Glu and glutamine in the posterior insula in patients with chronic generalized or regional chronic TMD pain (gTMD and rTMD, respectively) compared to healthy individuals (HI) in relation to clinical findings of TMD pain. Methods Thirty-six female patients with chronic rTMD or gTMD with at least 3 months duration were included in the study.

Lymphedema Leads to Fat Deposition in Muscle and Decreased Muscle/Water Volume After Liposuction: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.

Background: Lymphedema leads to adipose tissue deposition. Water-fat magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can quantify and localize fat and water. The presence of excess fat and excess water/muscle in the subfascial compartment of the lymphedematous limb has not been investigated before.

Pancreas volume and fat fraction in children with Type 1 diabetes.

Aims: People with Type 1 diabetes have smaller pancreases than healthy individuals. Several diseases causing pancreatic atrophy are associated with pancreatic steatosis, but pancreatic fat in Type 1 diabetes has not been measured. This cross-sectional study aimed to compare pancreas size and fat fraction in children with Type 1 diabetes and controls.

Health Risks in Same-Sex Attracted Ugandan University Students: Evidence from Two Cross-Sectional Studies.

Widespread discrimination across much of sub-Saharan Africa against persons with same-sex sexuality, including recent attempts in Uganda to extend criminal sanctions against same-sex behavior, are likely to have profound effects on this group's health, health care access, and well-being. Yet knowledge of the prevalence of same-sex sexuality in this region is scarce. This study aimed to systematically examine prevalence of same-sex sexuality and related health risks in young Ugandan adults.

Computational postprocessing quantification of small bowel motility using magnetic resonance images in clinical practice: An initial experience.

Purpose: To study the feasibility and to gauge the potential clinical impact of quantifying small bowel motility using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a larger population with a spectra of gastrointestinal conditions with impaired small bowel motility.

Materials And Methods: Data were gathered retrospectively from a cohort of 127 patients undergoing MR enterography (1.5 Tesla) in 2011.