Breast milk delivery of an engineered dimeric IgA protects neonates against rotavirus.

Dimeric IgA (dIgA) is the dominant antibody in many mucosal tissues. It is actively transported onto mucosal surfaces as secretory IgA (sIgA) which plays an integral role in protection against enteric pathogens, particularly in young children. Therapeutic strategies that deliver engineered, potently neutralizing antibodies directly into the infant intestine through breast milk could provide enhanced antimicrobial protection for neonates.

Meta-Analysis of MINIject vs. Two iStents as Standalone Treatment for Glaucoma with 24 Months of Follow-Up.

This study compares the long-term intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering efficacy of standalone MINIject (iSTAR Medical, Belgium) suprachoroidal implantation and two iStent (Glaukos, CA, USA) trabecular bypass implantation using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Systematic review of standalone implantation of MINIject or iStent inject with at least 24 months of follow up. The mean and standard deviation of IOP and the number of IOP-lowering medications at baseline and at 24 months were extracted.

Structural and antigenic characterization of novel and diverse glycoproteins.

(HNVs), a genus within the family, includes the highly virulent Nipah and Hendra viruses that cause yearly reoccurring outbreaks of deadly disease. Recent discoveries of several new species, including the zoonotic Langya virus, have revealed much higher antigenic diversity than currently characterized. Here, to explore the limits of structural and antigenic variation in HNVs, we construct an expanded, antigenically diverse panel of HNV fusion (F) and attachment (G) glycoproteins from 56 unique HNV strains that better reflects global HNV diversity.

Optical Microangiography and Progressive Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Loss in Primary Angle-closure Glaucoma.

Precis: Younger patient age (coefficient: 0.10, P=0.04) and greater peak IOP during follow-up (coefficient: -0.

Anti-HIV-1 B cell antigen receptor signaling and structure.

Unlabelled: The B cell antigen receptor (BCR) complex, comprised of antigen recognition and signaling components, functions in initiating B cell activation. While structural studies have described BCR domain organization, gaps remain in our understanding of its antigen binding domain (Fab, fragment antigen-binding) disposition, and how antigen binding is sensed to initiate signaling. Here, we report antigen affinity and signaling of the immunoglobulin (Ig) class IgM and IgG BCRs and define conformational states of full-length BCRs of two human broadly neutralizing antibodies, the glycan-specific, heavy chain domain-swapped, I-shaped 2G12, and a canonical Y-shaped antibody, CH31, that recognizes the CD4-binding site on the HIV-1 Envelope protein (Env).

Nyctohemeral effects of topical beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents measured with an intraocular telemetry sensor.

Objective: To evaluate nyctohemeral effects of topical beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents and their fixed combinations on intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma implanted with an ocular telemetry sensor.

Methods: 22 patients who had previously been implanted with a sulcus-based IOP sensor (eyemate) were included in this prospective clinical trial. Three classes of medications were analysed: beta-blockers (BB), fixed combination of BB and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (BB-CAI), and combinations of BB and prostaglandin analogues (BB-PGAs).

Cataract surgery combined with glaucoma surgery.

Purpose Of Review: This review evaluates the surgical management of glaucoma in patients undergoing cataract surgery. Combining both procedures present challenges in balancing intraocular pressure (IOP) control, minimizing postoperative complications, and achieving optimal refractive outcomes.

Recent Findings: Recent studies highlight the effectiveness of combined glaucoma and cataract surgeries, with traditional filtering surgeries and MIGS showing significant IOP reduction.

Spatial transcriptomic analysis of primary and metastatic pancreatic cancers highlights tumor microenvironmental heterogeneity.

Although the spatial, cellular and molecular landscapes of resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are well documented, the characteristics of its metastatic ecology remain elusive. By applying spatially resolved transcriptomics to matched primary and metastatic PDAC samples, we discovered a conserved continuum of fibrotic, metabolic and immunosuppressive spatial ecotypes across anatomical regions. We observed spatial tumor microenvironment heterogeneity spanning beyond that previously appreciated in PDAC.

Isolation and characterization of IgG3 glycan-targeting antibodies with exceptional cross-reactivity for diverse viral families.

Broadly reactive antibodies that target sequence-diverse antigens are of interest for vaccine design and monoclonal antibody therapeutic development because they can protect against multiple strains of a virus and provide a barrier to evolution of escape mutants. Using LIBRA-seq (linking B cell receptor to antigen specificity through sequencing) data for the B cell repertoire of an individual chronically infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), we identified a lineage of IgG3 antibodies predicted to bind to HIV-1 Envelope (Env) and influenza A Hemagglutinin (HA). Two lineage members, antibodies 2526 and 546, were confirmed to bind to a large panel of diverse antigens, including several strains of HIV-1 Env, influenza HA, coronavirus (CoV) spike, hepatitis C virus (HCV) E protein, Nipah virus (NiV) F protein, and Langya virus (LayV) F protein.

Acid-Base Balance in Healthy Adults: Beneficial Effects of Bicarbonate and Sodium-Rich Mineral Water in a Randomized Controlled Trial: The BicarboWater Study.

Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are a global health challenge. The complex etiology of NCDs involves genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, including dietary habits. Chronic latent metabolic acidosis has been associated with an increased risk of NCDs.

Democratizing cheminformatics: interpretable chemical grouping using an automated KNIME workflow.

With the increased availability of chemical data in public databases, innovative techniques and algorithms have emerged for the analysis, exploration, visualization, and extraction of information from these data. One such technique is chemical grouping, where chemicals with common characteristics are categorized into distinct groups based on physicochemical properties, use, biological activity, or a combination. However, existing tools for chemical grouping often require specialized programming skills or the use of commercial software packages.

Comparison of the immunogenicity of mRNA-encoded and protein HIV-1 Env-ferritin nanoparticle designs.

Nucleoside-modified mRNA technology has revolutionized vaccine development with the success of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. We used modified mRNA technology for the design of envelopes (Env) to induce HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). However, unlike SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies that are readily made, HIV-1 bnAb induction is disfavored by the immune system because of the rarity of bnAb B cell precursors and the cross-reactivity of bnAbs targeting certain Env epitopes with host molecules, thus requiring optimized immunogen design.

Unlocking the Potential of Clustering and Classification Approaches: Navigating Supervised and Unsupervised Chemical Similarity.

Background: The field of toxicology has witnessed substantial advancements in recent years, particularly with the adoption of new approach methodologies (NAMs) to understand and predict chemical toxicity. Class-based methods such as clustering and classification are key to NAMs development and application, aiding the understanding of hazard and risk concerns associated with groups of chemicals without additional laboratory work. Advances in computational chemistry, data generation and availability, and machine learning algorithms represent important opportunities for continued improvement of these techniques to optimize their utility for specific regulatory and research purposes.

Human placental mesenchymal stromal cell-derived small extracellular vesicles as a treatment for severe COVID-19: A double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial.

The current study aimed to investigate the effects of human placental mesenchymal stromal cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (hPMSC-sEVs) as a treatment for COVID-19. This double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted on two groups of patients with COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome. After randomization, the control group received standard treatment and placebo, and the intervention arm received standard treatment plus hPMSC-sEVs.

Evaluation of hydrogen production via steam reforming and partial oxidation of dimethyl ether using response surface methodology and artificial neural network.

This study aims to develop two models for thermodynamic data on hydrogen generation from the combined processes of dimethyl ether steam reforming and partial oxidation, applying artificial neural networks (ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM). Three factors are recognized as important determinants for the hydrogen and carbon monoxide mole fractions. The RSM used the quadratic model to formulate two correlations for the outcomes.

Evaluation of the immunoprotective power of a multiple antigenic peptide against Aah II toxin of scorpion.

Scorpion envenoming (SE) is a public health problem in developing countries. In Algeria, the population exposed to the risk of SE was estimated at 86.45% in 2019.

Therapeutic potential of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Autoimmune diseases are caused by an imbalance in the immune system, producing autoantibodies that cause inflammation leading to tissue damage and organ dysfunction. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is one of the most common autoimmune diseases and a major contributor to patient morbidity and mortality. Although many drugs manage the disease, curative therapy remains elusive, and current treatment regimens have substantial side effects.

Predictive biomarkers of intra-ocular pressure decrease after cataract surgery associated with trabecular washout in patients with pseudo exfoliative glaucoma.

To investigate biomarkers of intra-ocular pressure (IOP) decrease after cataract surgery with trabecular washout in pseudo-exfoliative (PEX) glaucoma. A single-center observational prospective study in PEX glaucoma patients undergoing cataract surgery with trabecular washout (Goniowash) was performed from 2018 to 2021. Age, gender, visual acuity, IOP, endothelial cell count, central corneal thickness, medications, were collected over 16-month follow-up.

Vaccine induction of heterologous HIV-1-neutralizing antibody B cell lineages in humans.

A critical roadblock to HIV vaccine development is the inability to induce B cell lineages of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) in humans. In people living with HIV-1, bnAbs take years to develop. The HVTN 133 clinical trial studied a peptide/liposome immunogen targeting B cell lineages of HIV-1 envelope (Env) membrane-proximal external region (MPER) bnAbs (NCT03934541).

Long-term astigmatism after intraocular pressure sensor implantation and nonpenetrating glaucoma surgery: EYEMATE-SC trial.

Purpose: To investigate long-term astigmatism after combined nonpenetrating glaucoma surgery (NPGS) and implantation of the first miniaturized suprachoroidal intraocular pressure (IOP) sensor EYEMATE-SC.

Setting: The study was conducted in 5 medical centers in 2 different countries.

Design: Retrospective multicenter clinical study.

L-lysine Increases the Anticancer Effect of Doxorubicin in Breast Cancer by Inducing ROS-Dependent Autophagy.

Background: Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapy drug that is widely used in cancer therapy, especially in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) patients. Nevertheless, cytoprotective autophagy induction by DOX limits its cytotoxic effect and drug resistance induction in patients. Therefore, finding a new way is essential for increasing the effectiveness of this drug for cancer treatment.

Evaluation of in silico model predictions for mammalian acute oral toxicity and regulatory application in pesticide hazard and risk assessment.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) uses the lethal dose 50% (LD) value from in vivo rat acute oral toxicity studies for pesticide product label precautionary statements and environmental risk assessment (RA). The Collaborative Acute Toxicity Modeling Suite (CATMoS) is a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR)-based in silico approach to predict rat acute oral toxicity that has the potential to reduce animal use when registering a new pesticide technical grade active ingredient (TGAI). This analysis compared LD values predicted by CATMoS to empirical values from in vivo studies for the TGAIs of 177 conventional pesticides.

Exosomes in renal cell carcinoma: challenges and opportunities.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer that accounts for approximately 2-3% of adult malignancies. Among the primary treatment methods for this type of cancer are surgery and targeted treatment. Still, due to less than optimal effectiveness, there are problems such as advanced distant metastasis, delayed diagnosis, and drug resistance that continue to plague patients.