CT-derived body composition and differential association with age, TNM stage and systemic inflammation in patients with colon cancer.

Low skeletal muscle index/density (SMI/SMD) is prevalent in cancer, adversely prognostic and associated with tumour stage and the systemic inflammatory response (SIR). Age and SMI/SMD has not been widely studied. The present study analyses the association between age and SMI/SMD after adjustment for other clinicopathological factors.

Preparing and evaluating the anti-microbial effect of mouthwash on some of the most common oral microorganisms.

Background: Due to the increasing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics and anti-bacterial compounds in plants, Boiss plant extract can be used in mouthwash compounds with its anti-microbial activity.

Methods And Materials: The anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity of mouthwash was investigated on , , and , and . To analyse the anti-microbial effect of this mouthwash, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by the broth microdilution method.

Robotic-assisted surgery for left-sided colon and rectal resections is associated with reduction in the postoperative surgical stress response and improved short-term outcomes: a cohort study.

Introduction: There is growing evidence that the use of robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) in colorectal cancer resections is associated with improved short-term outcomes when compared to laparoscopic surgery (LS) or open surgery (OS), possibly through a reduced systemic inflammatory response (SIR). Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) is a sensitive SIR biomarker and its utility in the early identification of post-operative complications has been validated in a variety of surgical procedures. There remains a paucity of studies characterising post-operative SIR in RAS.

Genetic, immunologic, and clinical features of 830 patients with Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases (MSMD): A systematic review.

Background: Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases (MSMD) is a rare clinical syndrome characterized by vulnerability to weakly virulent mycobacterial species, including Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccines and environmental mycobacteria.

Objective: We sought to perform a systematic review of the genetic, immunologic, and clinical findings for reported patients with MSMD.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases for publications in English relating to MSMD.

The relationship between systemic inflammatory response, screen detection and outcome in colorectal cancer.

Aim: A raised systemic inflammatory response correlates with poorer colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes. Faecal immunochemical test bowel screening aims to detect early-stage disease. We assessed the relationship between systemic inflammatory response, screen detection and CRC survival.

Lupus Anticoagulant Is Associated with Critical Cases and High Mortality in COVID-19: A Literature Review.

Background: In severe COVID-19 cases, a hypercoagulable state may occur. Antiphospholipid syndrome-related auto-antibodies (APSRAs) contribute to coagulopathy, but their role in COVID- 19 remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of positive APSRAs and their effect on clinical outcomes in confirmed COVID-19 patients.

Clinical Course, Therapeutic Management and Outcome of Coronavirus Disease in Patients With Inborn Errors of Immunity: A Retrospective Multicenter Experience From Iran.

Background: Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) are characterized by defects in the structure and function of the immune system. This study was designed to assess the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on this potentially particularly susceptible group of patients.

Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed patients from 3 referral immunodeficiency centers in Iran.

Adverse Tumour and Host Biology May Explain the Poorer Outcomes Seen in Emergency Presentations of Colon Cancer.

Objective: To examine the association between tumor/host factors (including the systemic inflammatory response), mode of presentation, and short/long-term outcomes in patients undergoing curative resectional surgery for TNM I to III colon cancer.

Background: Emergency presentations of colon cancer are associated with worse long-term outcomes than elective presentations despite adjustment for TNM stage. A number of differences in tumor and host factors have been identified between elective and emergency presentations and it may be these factors that are associated with adverse outcomes.

Evaluation of Lymphocyte Subtypes in COVID-19 Patients.

Background: Although many aspects of the COVID-19 disease have not yet been clarified, dysregulation of the immune system may play a crucial role in the progression of the disease. In this study, the lymphocyte subsets were evaluated in patients with different severities of COVID-19.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective study, the frequencies of peripheral lymphocyte subsets (CD3, CD4, and CD8 T cells; CD19 and CD20 B cells; CD16/CD56 NK cells, and CD4/CD25/FOXP3 regulatory T cells) were evaluated in 67 patients with confirmed COVID-19 on the first day of their admission.

mFILS: Tri-Selection via Convex and Nonconvex Regularizations.

In many real-world applications, data are represented by multiple instances and simultaneously associated with multiple labels. These data are always redundant and generally contaminated by different noise levels. As a result, several machine learning models fail to achieve good classification and find an optimal mapping.

Rare predicted loss-of-function variants of type I IFN immunity genes are associated with life-threatening COVID-19.

Background: We previously reported that impaired type I IFN activity, due to inborn errors of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I interferon (IFN) immunity or to autoantibodies against type I IFN, account for 15-20% of cases of life-threatening COVID-19 in unvaccinated patients. Therefore, the determinants of life-threatening COVID-19 remain to be identified in ~ 80% of cases.

Methods: We report here a genome-wide rare variant burden association analysis in 3269 unvaccinated patients with life-threatening COVID-19, and 1373 unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals without pneumonia.

Merxm. Essential Oil: Natural Heptane Source and Co-Product Valorization.

As an alternative to fossil volatile hydrocarbon solvents used nowadays in perfumery, investigation on essential oil of Merxm. oleo gum resin as a source of heptane is reported here. Heptane, representing up to 30 wt-% of this oleo gum resin, was successfully isolated from the essential oil, using an innovative double distillation process.

Inherited human ITK deficiency impairs IFN-γ immunity and underlies tuberculosis.

Inborn errors of IFN-γ immunity can underlie tuberculosis (TB). We report three patients from two kindreds without EBV viremia or disease but with severe TB and inherited complete ITK deficiency, a condition associated with severe EBV disease that renders immunological studies challenging. They have CD4+ αβ T lymphocytopenia with a concomitant expansion of CD4-CD8- double-negative (DN) αβ and Vδ2- γδ T lymphocytes, both displaying a unique CD38+CD45RA+T-bet+EOMES- phenotype.

Rare predicted loss-of-function variants of type I IFN immunity genes are associated with life-threatening COVID-19.

Background: We previously reported inborn errors of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I interferon (IFN) immunity in 1-5% of unvaccinated patients with life-threatening COVID-19, and auto-antibodies against type I IFN in another 15-20% of cases.

Methods: We report here a genome-wide rare variant burden association analysis in 3,269 unvaccinated patients with life-threatening COVID-19 (1,301 previously reported and 1,968 new patients), and 1,373 unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals without pneumonia. A quarter of the patients tested had antibodies against type I IFN (234 of 928) and were excluded from the analysis.

Diminution of STING Expression in the Blood of Patients with Severe or Critical COVID-19 Pneumonia.

Introduction: Cytokine storm and critical COVID-19 pneumonia are caused in at least 10% of patients by inborn errors of or auto-Abs to type I IFNs. The pathogenesis of life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia in other patients remains unknown.

Methods: This study was conducted at Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Tehran, Iran.

Delayed Diagnosis of Chronic Necrotizing Granulomatous Skin Lesions due to TAP2 Deficiency.

Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) deficiency, also known as bare lymphocyte syndrome type 1 (BLS-1), is a rare autosomal recessively inherited immunodeficiency disorder with remarkable clinical and biological heterogeneity. Transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) is a member of the ATP-binding cassette superfamily of transporters and consists of two subunits, TAP1 or TAP2. Any defect resulting from a mutation or deletion of these two subunits may adversely affect the peptide translocation in the endoplasmic reticulum, which is an important process for properly assembling MHC-I molecules.

The relationship between the mode of presentation, CT-derived body composition, systemic inflammatory grade and survival in colon cancer.

Background: Within colorectal cancer, the systemic inflammatory response (SIR) and CT-derived body composition, particularly the loss of lean muscle mass, are independently associated with oncological outcomes; however, no study has included both non-metastatic and metastatic disease. The present study analyses the association between body composition, mode of presentation, SIR and survival in patients with TNM I-IV colon cancer.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with colon cancer from 2011 to 2014 were identified.

Route to diagnosis of colorectal cancer and association with survival within the context of a bowel screening programme.

Objectives: Bowel cancer screening has been introduced to improve colorectal cancer outcomes; however, a significant proportion of cases continue to present with TNM Stage III-IV disease and/or emergently. This study analyses the prior interaction with screening of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer and factors associated with non-screening diagnosis.

Study Design: This was a retrospective observational study.

National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD) Protocol for the Treatment of Patients with COVID-19.

More than a year after the onset of the coronavirus disease pandemic in 2019, the disease remains a major global health issue. During this time, health organizations worldwide have tried to provide integrated treatment guidelines to control coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at different levels. However, due to the novel nature of the disease and the emergence of new variants, medical teams' updating medical information and drug prescribing guidelines should be given special attention.

Respiratory viral infections in otherwise healthy humans with inherited IRF7 deficiency.

Autosomal recessive IRF7 deficiency was previously reported in three patients with single critical influenza or COVID-19 pneumonia episodes. The patients' fibroblasts and plasmacytoid dendritic cells produced no detectable type I and III IFNs, except IFN-β. Having discovered four new patients, we describe the genetic, immunological, and clinical features of seven IRF7-deficient patients from six families and five ancestries.