Studying the effect of Chlamydia trachomatis, Helicobacter pylori, and Varicella zoster microorganisms in stimulating the expression of cytokines TNFα, IFNɤ, TGFβ, IL-10 in Alzheimer and non-Alzheimer patients.

Objectives: This study aimed to use the real-time RT-PCR method to detect the gene expression cytokines IL-10, TNFα, IFN-γ, and TGF-β in the serum of Alzheimer's patients.

Methods: This study was conducted on 100 serum samples of Alzheimer's patients. DNA extraction was performed on the samples with the Cinnaclone kit and PCR techniques were used to detect the presence of Helicobacter pylori, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Varicella zoster virus.

Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of microsporidia in stool specimens isolated from multiple sclerosis patients in the west of Iran.

Background: Intestinal microsporidiosis is an emerging opportunistic infection that primarily affects individuals with compromised immune systems. This study investigated intestinal microsporidia infections in individuals diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) and elucidated the genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships of microsporidia.

Methods: A total of 116 stool samples were collected from individuals diagnosed with MS, including 54 men and 63 women, during 2022-2023 in Kurdistan Province, western Iran.