Can operator-controlled imaging reduce fluoroscopy time during flexible ureterorenoscopy?

Introduction: Fluoroscopy is routinely used during ureterorenoscopy. According to the 'As Low As Reasonably Achievable' (ALARA) principle, radiation exposure should be kept as low as reasonably achievable to decrease the risk of negative long-term effects of radiation for patients and medical staff. This study aims to assess if operator-controlled imaging during flexible ureterorenoscopy for nephrolithiasis could reduce fluoroscopy time when compared to radiographer-controlled imaging.