Evaluation of the metabolic activity, angiogenic impacts, and GSK-3β signaling of the synthetic cannabinoid MMB-2201 on human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells.

Angiogenesis is an intrinsic physiological process involving the formation of new capillaries from existing ones. Synthetic cannabinoids refer to a class of human-made chemicals that are primarily designed to mimic the effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the primary psychoactive compound in cannabis. Studies investigating the association between synthetic cannabinoids and cellular reactions are limited, and the available scientific evidence is insufficient.

Heterogeneity of modulatory immune microenvironment in bladder cancer.

Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) is the ninth most common cancer worldwide. The intra-tumor heterogeneity of the UBC microenvironment explains the variances in response to therapy among patients. Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is based on the balance between anti-tumor and pro-tumorigenic immunity that eventually determines the tumor fate.

Spatiotemporal Ultrastructural, Histological, and Morphometric Changes in the Buccal Cavity of Grass Carp () During Fingerling, Yearling, and Adult Stages.

Grass carp () is a Cyprinid fish of aquacultural and research importance. The buccal cavity represents the gateway of the digestive tract. The present study investigated the adaptational changes involving various components of the buccal cavity of fingerling (three months posthatching, mph), yearling (12 mph), and adult (48 mph) using scanning electron microscopy, histology, and morphometry.

Streptozotocin- induced changes in aquaporin 1 and 4, oxidative stress, and autophagy in submandibular and parotid salivary glands and the possible ameliorative effect of intermittent fasting on these changes.

Salivary glands are highly responsible for maintaining oral tissue homeostasis by secreting saliva. This study was designed to investigate aquaporin 1 and 4, oxidative stress, and autophagy in submandibular and parotid salivary glands of diabetic rats and the possible ameliorative effect of intermittent fasting on these changes. Fifty adult male rats were divided into control and experimental groups.

Combination therapy of systemic and local metformin improves imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like lesions with type 2 diabetes: the role of AMPK/KGF/STAT3 axis.

Context: Insulin resistance and a disturbed lipid profile are common associations with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and different skin diseases, particularly psoriasis (PsO).

Objectives: We investigated potential therapeutic mechanisms of metformin in a murine animal model of psoriasiform lesions in T2DM.

Materials And Methods: Forty-two rats were randomly divided into control, PsO, and type II DM (T2DM) groups.

Influence of applying VARK learning styles on enhancing teaching skills: application of learning theories.

Background: Social media in our networks have been exploited as dynamic learning tools and free platforms.

Aims: The main objective of this study is to determine the impact of VARK learning styles (visual (V), aural (A), read/write (R), and kinesthetic (K)) in enhancing parasitological laboratory skills using social media and various learning theories.

Methods: A research sample of 100 chemists working in Mega Alfa labs underwent online learning of laboratory parasitology skills via Facebook posts and WhatsApp dictated messages for an average of 7 weeks.

The Role of Intra-Articular Delivery of BM-MSCs-Derived Exosomes in Improving Osteoarthritis: Implication of // Axis.

Background: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have recently attracted great attention due to their crucial anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties. This work aims to examine the curative impact of intra-articular injection of BM-MSCs-derived exosomes in ameliorating osteoarthritis (OA) progression in rats and to explore the interaction between circular RNA of Yes-associated protein 1 () and microRNA-21 () in the rat knee joints.

Methodology: Gene expression , , toll-like receptor-7 (), aggrecan, and collagen type II were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in the rat articular tissues.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in indoor mosques dust in Saudi Arabia: Levels, source apportionment, human health and carcinogenic risk assessment for congregators.

Mosques are important places for Muslims where they perform their prayers. The congregators are exposed to hazardous pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with dust. However, studies on PAHs exposure in religious places are scarce.

Effect of Selenium nanoparticles on Paraquat-induced-neuroinflammation and oligodendocyte modulation: Implication of the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway.

Background: Paraquat (PQ), is an extensively used herbicide and is a well-established powerful neurotoxin. However, the mechanism underlying its neurotoxicity still needs further investigation.

Aim Of Work: The study investigated the pathogenesis of PQ-induced neuroinflammation of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNPC) and cerebellum and evaluated the potential effect of selenium nanoparticles (SeN) against such neurotoxicity.

Comparison of tissue biomarkers between non-schistosoma and schistosoma-associated urothelial carcinoma.

Background: High-grade urothelial carcinoma either non-Schistosoma (NS-UBC) or Schistosoma (S-UBC)-associated is the tenth cause of death worldwide and represents a serious therapeutic problem.

Aim: Evaluation of the immmunohistochemical expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), programmed cell death protein-1 (PDL1), estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) and UroplakinIII, in the high-grade in NS-UBC and S-UBC as potential prognostic and therapeutic targets analyzed through estimation of area percentage, optical density and international pathological scoring system for each marker.

Material And Methods: Sixty high grade urothelial carcinoma cases were enrolled in the study (30 cases of NS-UBC and 30 cases of S-UBC).

Angiotensin II Type 1 receptor blockade attenuates the neuropathological changes in the spinal cords of diabetic rats with modulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/ heme oxygenase 1 system.

Peripheral and central neuropathies frequently complicate worldwide diabetes. Compared to peripheral neuropathy, central neuropathy didn`t gain a major research interest. Angiotensin II is reported to be involved in diabetic neuropathic pain but its role in the central pathological changes in the spinal cord is not clear.

Phytic acid attenuates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity via modulating iron-mediated oxidative stress and expression in mice.

Administration of high doses of acetaminophen (APAP) results in liver injury. Oxidative stress and iron overload play roles in the pathogenesis of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. The present study assessed the potential hepatoprotective effects of phytic acid (PA), a natural antioxidant and iron chelator, on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and the possible underlying mechanism through its effects on gene expression, iron homeostasis, oxidative stress, and -1 expression levels.

Echinops Asteraceae extract guards against malathion-induced liver damage via minimizing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.

Malathion (MAL) is one of the highly toxic organophosphorus (OP) compounds that induces hepatotoxicity. Echinops. ritro leaves extract (ERLE) is traditionally used in the treatment of bacterial/fungal infections.

Modulatory effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on sodium nitrate-induced experimental colitis via regulation of P53, Ki-67 and PCNA biomarkers.

Background: Ulcerative colitis is a risk factor for colorectal carcinoma. Different mechanisms are related to colitis like apoptosis and hyperproliferation. Moringa oleifera leaves extract (MO) provides a promising option to overcome the risk.

Role of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes on inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis and telocyte modulation in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: A closer look at the structural level.

Cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin (Dox) is a major complication in cancer patients. Exosomes (Ex) derived from mesenchymal cells could be a promising therapeutic for various heart diseases. This study investigated the role of Ex in Dox-induced cardiotoxicity and its mechanistic insights, using Sacubitril/valsartan (S/V) as a reference drug widely recommended in heart failure management.

The prevalence of sedentary behavior among university students in Saudi Arabia.

Background: A considerable body of research has demonstrated that reducing sitting time benefits health. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the prevalence of sedentary behavior (SB) and its patterns.

Methods: A total of 6975 university students (49.

Potential role for vitamin D vs. intermittent fasting in controlling aquaporin-1 and aquaporin-3 expression in HFD-induced urinary bladder alterations in rats.

High-fat diet-induced obesity is linked to suppression of aquaporins (AQPs) expression in different tissues. Both vitamin D and intermittent fasting were identified to enhance AQPs expression. In the urinary bladder, AQP-1 and AQP-3 mRNA transcripts were identified.

Assessment of the proliferative and angiogenic effects of the synthetic cannabinoid (R)-5-fluoro ADB on human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells.

Objectives: The process of vascular formation, also known as angiogenesis, primarily relies on endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In recent years, it has been discovered that synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) may potentially impact angiogenic processes within the body. We evaluated the impact of the synthetic cannabinoid (R)-5-Fluoro-ADB on the proliferation rate and angiogenesis in Human Cerebral Microvascular Endothelial Cells (hBMECs).

Neuroprotective effect of ranolazine improves behavioral discrepancies in a rat model of scopolamine-induced dementia.

Background: Ranolazine (Rn), an antianginal agent, acts in the central nervous system and has been used as a potential treatment agent for pain and epileptic disorders. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases and the leading factor in dementia in the elderly.

Aim: We examined the impact of Rn on scopolamine (Sco)-induced dementia in rats.

Evaluating the hepatotoxic versus the nephrotoxic role of iron oxide nanoparticles: One step forward into the dose-dependent oxidative effects.

The present study has been designed to detect the dose-dependent effect of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) on the liver and kidney of rats by evaluating three different doses 30, 300, 1000 mg/kg/day IONPs for 28 days. Forty rats were divided into four groups; I (control), II (low dose), III (medium dose) and IV (high dose). There also was a statistically-significant elevation in the serum levels of hepatic enzymes; AST and ALT in medium & high dose.

The synthetic cannabinoid 5F-MDMB-PICA enhances the metabolic activity and angiogenesis in human brain microvascular endothelial cells by upregulation of VEGF, ANG-1, and ANG-2.

Brain angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from existing brain vasculature, has been previously associated with neural plasticity and addictive behaviors related to substances. Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) have become increasingly popular due to their ability to mimic the effects of cannabis, offering high potency and easy accessibility. In the current study, we reveal that the SC 5F-MDMB-PICA, the most common SC in the United States in 2019, increases cell metabolic activity and promotes angiogenesis in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs).

Evaluating the protective role of trimetazidine versus nano-trimetazidine in amelioration of bilateral renal ischemia/reperfusion induced neuro-degeneration: Implications of ERK1/2, JNK and Galectin-3 /NF-κB/TNF-α/HMGB-1 signaling.

Background: Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is a primary culprit of acute kidney injury. Neurodegeneration can result from I/R, but the mechanisms are still challenging. We studied the implications of bilateral renal I/R on brain and potential involvement of the oxidative stress (OS) driven extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (ERK1/2, JNK) and Galectin-3 (Gal-3)/nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-қB)/tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), high mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1), and caspase-3 paths upregulation.

Assessment of the Impact of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction on Quality of Life in Multiple Sclerosis Patients in Saudi Arabia-A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) is caused by neurogenic factors that could lead to permanent injury in affected patients, and therefore result in substantial annual healthcare expenses. LUTD is very prevalent in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and has a drastic impact on their quality of life (QOL). This study aimed to assess the effect of LUTD on the QOL of Saudi MS patients.

An Anatomical Study of Dry Mandibles to Determine the Important Surgical Reference Points in Ramus Osteotomy - An Evaluative Study.

Introduction: The variable relation and clinical significance of mandibular foramen (MF) and with inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle (IANB) is important for dental surgeons. Knowing the landmarks on the ramus of the mandible is of paramount importance to perform the surgery without causing damage to the neurovascular bundle.

Materials And Methods: This study was conducted on 85 dry adult mandibles of unknown sex and age.

Nuclear factor erythrogen-2 associated factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling is an essential molecular pathway for the anti-aging effect of whey protein in the prefrontal cortex of aging rat model (Histological and Biochemical Study).

Aging is a highly complicated natural process. Brain aging is associated with remarkable neurodegenerative changes and oxidative damage. Whey protein (WP) has been mentioned to have an antioxidant property.