Blood-based microRNAs as the potential biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease: evidence from a systematic review.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that progresses over time and is identified by the development of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid deposits in the brain. Mounting evidence has revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) are significantly involved in AD progression, and may be used as promising biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. Nevertheless, the existing body of data regarding dysregulated circulating miRNAs in AD and their therapeutic applications are characterized by a lack of consistency.

An overview on the interaction between non-coding RNAs and CTLA-4 gene in human diseases.

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), in conjunction with PD-1 and CD28, plays a pivotal role in the modulation of T-cell activation. Specifically, CTLA-4 exerts its influence by impeding the generation of IL-2 and the proliferation of T cells. CTLA-4, being a receptor with a high affinity, engages in competitive binding with CD28 for the interaction with primary T-cell activator molecules, specifically CD80 and CD86.

The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Mitochondrial Dysfunction of Alzheimer's Disease.

Although brain amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide buildup is the main cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD), mitochondrial abnormalities can also contribute to the illness's development, as either a primary or secondary factor, as programmed cell death and efficient energy generation depend on the proper operation of mitochondria. As a result, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) may play a crucial role in ensuring that nuclear genes related to mitochondria and mitochondrial genes function normally. Interestingly, a significant number of recent studies have focused on the impact of ncRNAs on the expression of nucleus and mitochondrial genes.

A Novel Pathogenic Mutation in WNK1 Gene Causing HSAN Type II in Three Siblings.

Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN) is a rare genetic disorder that primarily affects the peripheral nervous system, leading to a progressive loss of the ability to perceive pain, temperature, and touch. This condition can result in severe complications, including injuries and infections due to the inability to feel pain. HSAN is classified into nine types, with types I and VII exhibiting autosomal dominant inheritance, while the others follow an autosomal recessive pattern.

miR-449a: A Promising Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Cancer and Other Diseases.

In the regulation of gene expression, epigenetic factors like non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play an equal role in genetics. The role of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are members of the ncRNA family, in post-transcriptional gene regulation is well-documented and has important implications for both normal and abnormal biological processes, such as angiogenesis, proliferation, survival, and apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to synthesize previous research on miR-449a by analyzing published results from various databases, as there have been a number of investigations on miR-449's potential involvement in the development of human disorders.

A novel missense variant in ESRRB gene causing autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss: in silico analysis of a case.

Background: Hereditary hearing loss (HHL) is a common heterogeneous disorder affecting all ages, ethnicities, and genders. The most common form of HHL is autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL), in which there is no genotype-phenotype correlation in the majority of cases. This study aimed to identify the genetic causes of hearing loss (HL) in a family with Iranian Azeri Turkish ethnicity negative for gap junction beta-2 (GJB2), gap junction beta-6 (GJB6), and mitochondrially encoded 12S rRNA (MT-RNR1) deleterious mutations.

The worldwide frequency of MYO15A gene mutations in patients with non-syndromic hearing loss: A meta-analysis.

is the third most crucial gene in hereditary sensorineural hearing loss after and . In the present study, we reviewed the prevalence of mutations in patients with autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL). In this meta-analysis, we conducted a search of PubMed, Web of Science, Excerpta Medica Database, and Scopus, and identified the articles up to September 2019 without any time limit.

Differential Expression Pattern of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Gens: AXL, GAS6, Claudin-1, and Cofilin-1, in Different Stages of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer.

Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), is the fatal form of gynecological cancer. Almost 70% of ovarian cancer patients are detected at an advanced stage (III-IV) with metastases. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical process associated with metastasis.

A new insight on serum microRNA expression as novel biomarkers in breast cancer patients.

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the widespread lethal diseases affecting a large number of women worldwide. As such, employing and identifying significant markers for detecting BC in different stages can assist in better diagnosis and management of the disease. Several diverse markers have been introduced for diagnosis, but their limitations, including low specificity and sensitivity, reduce their application.

Downregulation of HDAC2 and HDAC3 via oleuropein as a potent prevention and therapeutic agent in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in the world with the highest rate of morbidity and mortality. Due to the several side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, recent studies have focused on the use of herbal medicines. Epidemiological reports have shown the inverse relationship between breast cancer risk and intake of olive.

Narrower insight to SIRT1 role in cancer: A potential therapeutic target to control epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer cells.

The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a highly networked cellular process which involves cell transition from the immotile epithelial to the motile mesenchymal phenotype, whereby cells lose their cell-cell adhesion and cell polarity. This important process is one of the underlying mechanisms for enabling invasion and metastasis of cancer cells which is considered as malignant phase of tumor progression. However, the molecular mechanisms of this process are not fully clarified.

HDACis (class I), cancer stem cell, and phytochemicals: Cancer therapy and prevention implications.

Epigenetics is independent of the sequence events that physically affect the condensing of chromatin and genes expression. The unique epigenetic memories of various cells trigger exclusive gene expression profiling. According to different studies, the aberrant epigenetic signatures and impaired gene expression profiles are master occurrences in cancer cells in which oncogene and tumor suppressor genes are affected.

An update of common autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss genes in Iranian population.

Autosomal-recessive genes are responsible for about 80% of the hereditary non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) cases. In Iran, due to consanguineous marriages, NSHL is the second most frequent disability after intellectual disability, occurring one in 16 individuals. Enormous heterogeneity in the genetic pathology of hearing loss causes a major challenge in identification of responsible genes.

Molecular analysis of glycogen storage disease type Ia in Iranian Azeri Turks: identification of a novel mutation.

Glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) are caused by abnormalities in enzymes that are involved in the regulation of gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. GSD I, an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder, is the most common GSD and has four subtypes. Here, we examined GSD Ia caused by the defective glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic (G6PC) gene.

Sodium Butyrate and Valproic Acid as Splicing Restoring Agents in Erythroid Cells of β-Thalassemic Patients.

Background: β-Thalassemia is a common autosomal recessive disorder in human caused by a defect in chain synthesis. The most common mutations causing β-Thalassemia have been found to be splicing mutations. Most of which activate aberrant cryptic splicing/sites without complete disruption of normal splicing.

Association study of and Gene Variants with Type I Diabetes Mellitus in children in the northwest of Iran.

A variety of genetic predisposing factors and environmental factors are known to influence the pathogenesis of type-1 diabetes (T1D). This study intended to investigate the association of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 () and interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha () gene polymorphisms with type 1 diabetes in children of northwest of Iran. Genomic DNA was extracted by salting-out method.

The Association between Human Leukocyte Antigen Class II DR3-DQ2 Haplotype and Type 1 Diabetes in Children of the East Azerbaijan State of Iran.

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is an autoimmune disease. Several associations between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex and T1D were found in various populations. Associations with various HLA types depend on the investigated populations.

Evaluation of Association Between HLA Class II DR4-DQ8 Haplotype and Type I Diabetes Mellitus in Children of East Azerbaijan State of Iran.

Purpose: Association between HLA-DR4-DQ8 haplotype and type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM-1A) was investigated in children of East Azerbaijan state of Iran because such an association has not been previously studied in this population.

Methods: HLA-typing was performed by polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific priming. For haplotype analysis, the logistic regression model was performed.

The HLA-G 14bp insertion/deletion polymorphism in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion.

HLA-G is a non-classical HLA class Ib molecule with limited protein variability generated by alternative splicing. HLA-G displays immunotolerant properties and hence plays important roles in the maintenance of a successful pregnancy and maternal tolerance of the semiallogenic fetus. Polymorphism of the HLA-G gene may potentially affect the biological properties of the protein, and a 14-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism in exon 8 of the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of the HLA-G gene is thought to influence HLA-G expression.

Minor role of BRCA2 mutation (Exon2 and Exon11) in patients with early-onset breast cancer amongst Iranian Azeri-Turkish women.

Objective(s): Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Every year, one million new cases are reported worldwide, representing 18% of the total number of cancer in women. Hereditary BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations account for about 60% of inherited breast cancer and are the only known causes of hereditary breast cancer syndrome.

Cloning of Soluble Human Stem Cell Factor in pET-26b(+) Vector.

Purpose: Stem cell factor (SCF) plays an important role in the survival, proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells. Potential therapeutic applications of SCF include hematopoietic stem cell mobilization, exvivo stem/progenitor cell expansion, gene therapy, and immunotherapy. Considering the cost and problem in accessibility of this product in Iran, clears the importance of indigenizing production of rhSCF.

Construction of Yeast Recombinant Expression Vector Containing Human Epidermal Growth Factor (hEGF).

Purpose: The objective of this study was construction of recombinant hEGF-pPIC9 which may be used for expression of recombinant hEGF in following studies.

Methods: EGF cDNA was purchased from Genecopoeia Company and used for PCR amplification. Prior to ligation, the PCR product and pPIC9 vector was digested with EcoRI and XhoI and ligated in pPIC9 vector and subjected to colony PCR screening and sequencing analysis.

Construction of pPIC9 Recombinant Vector Containing Human Stem Cell Factor.

Purpose: Various cytokine regulates hematopoesis; they promote number of stages in stem cells biology such as proliferation, differentiation and endurance. Biological effects of SCF, as a hematopoietic cytokine; is triggered by binding to its ligand c-kit. Potential therapeutic applications of SCF include hematopoietic stem cell mobilization, exvivo stem/progenitor cell expansion, gene therapy, and immunotherapy.