Extracapsular Tonsillectomy versus Intracapsular Tonsillotomy in Paediatric Patients with OSAS.

Objective: The objective of our study was to compare our experience of intracapsular tonsillotomy performed with the help of a microdebrider usually used for adenoidectomy with results obtained from extracapsular surgery through dissection and from adenoidectomy in cases of people affected with OSAS, linked to adeno-tonsil hypertrophy, observed and treated in the last 5 years.

Methods: 3127 children with adenotonsillar hyperplasia and OSAS-related clinical symptoms (aged between 3 and 12 years) underwent tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy. A total of 1069 patients (Group A) underwent intracapsular tonsillotomy, while 2058 patients (Group B) underwent extracapsular tonsillectomy, from January 2014 to June 2018.

Splenic oligometastasis from cervical adenocarcinoma three years after disease free survival: A case report and a review of literature.

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among females. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common subtype of cervical cancer, followed by adenocarcinoma. The most reported sites of metastasis are the lungs, bones, liver, and brain.

Association between upper airway obstruction and malocclusion in mouth-breathing children.

Objectives: To evaluate the association between upper airway obstruction and occlusal anomalies in mouth-breathing children.

Methods: 356 mouth-breathing children were evaluated by ENT physicians and specialists in orthodontics. ENT examination included nasal endoscopy to assess the adenoidal hypertrophy, tonsillar grading and presence of nasal septum deviation.

Pancreatic acinar cystadenoma in a background of diffuse multifocal pancreatic cystic lesions: A case report.

Introduction: Acinar cell cystadenoma (ACA) is very rare and benign neoplasm of the pancreas; it arises from the normal acinar parenchyma of the pancreas and may exist as solitary or diffuse lesions.

Presentation Of Case: We here present a case of thirty-seven years old gentleman who incidentally was found to have multifocal cystic lesions distributed throughout the tail, body and uncinate process of the pancreas.

Discussion: Pre-operative diagnosis of pancreatic ACA remains very difficult and challenging despite advances in imaging techniques.

Updated Guidelines for the Management of Acute Otitis Media in Children by the Italian Society of Pediatrics: Prevention.

Background: In recent years, new information has been acquired regarding the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of acute otitis media (AOM). The Italian Pediatric Society, therefore, decided to issue an update to the Italian Pediatric Society guidelines published in 2010.

Methods: The search was conducted on Pubmed, and only those studies regarding the pediatric age alone, in English or Italian, published between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2018, were included.

Prediction using a randomized evaluation of data collection integrated through connected technologies (PREDICT): Design and rationale of a randomized trial of patients discharged from the hospital to home.

Background: Hospital readmission prediction models often perform poorly. A critical limitation is that they use data collected up until the time of discharge but do not leverage information on patient behaviors at home after discharge.

Methods: PREDICT is a two-arm, randomized trial comparing ways to use remotely-monitored patient activity levels after hospital discharge to improve hospital readmission prediction models.

Sinuclean Nebules treatment in children suffering from otitis media with effusion.

Objective: Otitis media with effusion (OME) is an ear disorder defined by the presence of fluid in the middle ear without signs or symptoms of acute infection. The current randomized, double-blind, controlled study aimed to evaluate whether Sinuclean Nebules treatment, administered by nasal douche (Rinowash), could induce ear healing better than isotonic saline in children with OME.

Methods: The study was randomized, double-blind, and controlled.

Cerumen: A fundamental but neglected problem by pediatricians.

Objectives: Under physiological conditions, cerumen (Ce) is regularly extruded from the ear canal by a self-cleaning mechanism. Failure of this mechanism leads to excessive accumulation or impaction of Ce. Limited data are available concerning the prevalence of cerumen in healthy and sick infants and children.

Development of an algorithm for the management of cervical lymphadenopathy in children: consensus of the Italian Society of Preventive and Social Pediatrics, jointly with the Italian Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and the Italian Society of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology.

Unlabelled: Cervical lymphadenopathy is a common disorder in children due to a wide spectrum of disorders. On the basis of a complete history and physical examination, paediatricians have to select, among the vast majority of children with a benign self-limiting condition, those at risk for other, more complex, diseases requiring laboratory tests, imaging and, finally, tissue sampling. At the same time, they should avoid expensive and invasive examinations when unnecessary.

Allergic Rhinitis in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial Targeted at Symptoms.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) underlies many symptoms and complications which severely affect children's quality of life. This two-arm study aimed at evaluate the efficacy and safety of the medical device Narivent(®) versus topical corticosteroids in the symptomatic management of allergic rhinitis in paediatric patients. A randomized study was conducted.

Resveratrol plus carboxymethyl-β-glucan in children with recurrent respiratory infections: a preliminary and real-life experience.

Background: Recurrent respiratory infections (RRI), such as the presence of at least one of the following criteria: i) >6 RI per year; ii) >1 RI per month involving upper airways from September to April; iii) >3 RI involving lower airways, constitute a social problem for both their pharmaco-economic impact and the burden for the family. However, several treatment have been proposed with controversial results.

Objective: As resveratrol plus carboxymethyl-β-glucan is presently available as solution for aerosol, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of this compound, compared to saline solution, whether it is able to prevent RRI in children.

Effects of guidelines on adeno-tonsillar surgery on the clinical behaviour of otorhinolaryngologists in Italy.

Background: Several guidelines on adeno-tonsillar disease have been proposed in recent years and some discrepancies in relation both to clinical manifestations and indications for surgical treatment have emerged. The aim of the study was to verify what influence (adeno)-tonsillectomy guidelines have had on the clinical behaviour of ENT specialists in Italy. Our study is a retrospective and multi-centre case series with chart review.

Management of acute pharyngitis in children: summary of the Italian National Institute of Health guidelines.

Background: Discrepancies in the management of pharyngitis in children have been reported in Europe and the United States, and recommendations concerning the use of clinical scores, rapid antigen diagnostic tests (RADTs) or throat cultures, and the indications for antibiotic treatment largely differ.

Objective: This article summarizes the Italian guidelines on the management of pharyngitis in children issued by the National Institute of Health.

Methods: A multidisciplinary panel of experts (the Guidelines Development Group) developed and used a set of key questions to conduct a systematic review of the literature.

Surgical treatment of acute recurrent throat infections in children.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to define the contribute of surgery and watchful waiting in the treatment of feverish episodes and other clinical manifestations related to acute recurrent throat infections in children.

Methods: An observational, retrospective and multi-centric study was carried out on 407 subjects, aged 2-11, with a minimum two-year follow-up. Chi square test and Fisher's test were used for the statistical analysis.

Acute otitis media: From diagnosis to prevention. Summary of the Italian guideline.

Acute otitis media (AOM) is the most common disease occurring in infants and children and has major medical, social and economic effects. If we consider the Italian pediatric population and the incidence rates in different age ranges it can be calculated that almost one million cases of AOM are diagnosed in Italy every year. Various attempts have been made internationally to clarify the most appropriate ways in which AOM should be managed.

Craniofacial growth in children with nasal septum deviation: a cephalometric comparative study.

Objective: Nasal-breathing impairment has been described as a possible determinant of maxillofacial development in children with adenoids/tonsils hypertrophy. However little is known about the possible influence of nasal septum deviation on craniofacial growth in childhood. We conducted a multicenter cephalometric study to compare skeletal and dental features in children with chronic nasal-breathing obstruction secondary to nasal septum deviation and nose-breathing controls.

Results and complications of the Baha system (bone-anchored hearing aid).

The aim of this work is to reexamine our experience with the treatment of conductive and mixed hearing loss using the Baha system. The system was implanted in 47 patients (16 adults and 31 children under the age of 14), bilaterally in two cases. The causes of hypoacusis were bilateral congenital aural atresia (31 patients), bilateral chronic otitis media or outcomes of middle-ear surgery (Gillett et al.

Ear, nose and throat manifestation of viral systemic infections in pediatric patients.

Objective/methods: An exhaustive review of literature was performed to investigate available data and evidences regarding pediatric otolaryngologic manifestations of viral systemic infections.

Results/conclusions: Modern otolaryngologists should be familiar with viral systemic infections since many have head and neck manifestations. Cooperation between otolaryngologist, paediatrician and virologist can be considered and excellent tool in diagnosis and treatment of these diseases in particular when complications occur.

Prevention of surgery in children with adenoidal hypertrophy treated with intranasal flunisolide: a 12-month follow-up.

Adenoidal hypertrophy (AH) represents one of the most frequent indications for surgery in children. Recently, treatment with intranasal corticosteroids has been suggested to decrease the size of AH. The aim of the study is to evaluate the long-term effect of intranasal flunisolide on AH during a 12-month follow-up.

Stair design in the United States and obesity: the need for a change.

Background: Maintenance of healthy body weight is a function of total energy expenditure including household and workplace activity. Light to moderate physical activity has been found to be effective in motivating sedentary and obese individuals, and is at least as effective as structured exercise in lowering weight in some studies.

Discussion: Stair use offers a promising intervention for increasing physical activity, because it involves a lifestyle choice that must be made (people must get to their destination), and it requires no personal financial cost.

Adeno-tonsillar surgery in Italy.

Indications to surgery for adeno-tonsillar inflammatory disorders and analysis of the effectiveness of surgical treatment, compared with watchful waiting strategy, continue to be the subject of scientific debate. The present investigation focuses on the surgical activity of 14 Italian Otorhinolaryngological Units between 1999 and 2004. Surgical interventions (adeno-tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy) on 26915 children (age range: 2-11 years) were considered.

[Acute recurrent pharyngotonsillitis and otitis media].

Background: In the more recent randomized clinical studies, the surgical procedures adopted (adenoidectomy and adeno-tonsillectomy) for the treatment of the effusive and the acute recurrent forms of otitis media have generally shown a relatively modest and not persistent efficacy. It should be pointed out, however, that the cases studied displayed no clinical elements suggesting the existence of any aetio-pathogenic relationship between the auricular inflammation and a possible pathological disorder localized in the tonsils and/or adenoids.

Aim Of The Study: The present investigation aimed to establish: a) the frequency with which the two forms of tympanic inflammation, under study, were detected in children with recurrent febrile pharyngo-tonsillar inflammation, also considering the possible presence of naso-pharyngeal respiratory obstruction and the severity of these two pathological manifestations; b) in relationship to these parameters, what might be the outcome with respect to the pathological auricular processes following surgical treatment of the pharyngeal disorder (adeno-tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy) vs.

[The treatment of acute recurrent pharyngotonsillitis].

Aim Of The Study: In paediatric patients, recurrent febrile pharyngo-tonsillitis is usually due to chronic inflammation of the tonsils and/or adenoids: these episodes are often associated with other clinical manifestations (respiratory obstruction of naso-pharyngeal origin; auricular inflammation, especially effusive otitis media and acute otitis media; streptococcal beta-haemolytic Group A (SBEGA) infection, causing a distant disorder of varying severity and which may, therefore, give rise to serious pathological conditions). A retrospective multicentric investigation has, therefore, been carried out in order not only to further elaborate findings emerging from earlier studies, performed in other countries, in which random methods were used, but also to focus on: 1. the possible association of these clinical manifestations with recurrent febrile pharyngo-tonsillar inflammation in relation to frequency of the condition; 2.