Comparative study of quantitative identification methods for peri-urban areas based on a multi-indicator system.

As peri-urbanisation becomes widespread, quantitative methods for identifying peri-urban areas (PUAs) are increasingly abundant. This study aims to quantitatively compare the differences in the results obtained from multiple PUA identification methods within the same study area and to analyse the spatial patterns of the PUAs. The Threshold Method, Breakpoint Clustering, and Multilayer Perceptron were chosen to compare the identification results of PUAs in Zhengzhou City, China.