Signatures of cysteine oxidation on muscle structural and contractile proteins are associated with physical performance and muscle function in older adults: Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA).

Oxidative stress is considered a contributor to declining muscle function and mobility during aging; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly described. We hypothesized that greater levels of cysteine (Cys) oxidation on muscle proteins are associated with decreased measures of mobility. Herein, we applied a novel redox proteomics approach to measure reversible protein Cys oxidation in vastus lateralis muscle biopsies collected from 56 subjects in the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA), a community-based cohort study of individuals aged 70 years and older.

Signatures of Cysteine Oxidation on Muscle Structural and Contractile Proteins Are Associated with Physical Performance and Muscle Function in Older Adults: Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA).

Oxidative stress is considered a contributor to declining muscle function and mobility during aging; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly described. We hypothesized that greater levels of cysteine (Cys) oxidation on muscle proteins are associated with decreased measures of mobility. Herein, we applied a novel redox proteomics approach to measure reversible protein Cys oxidation in vastus lateralis muscle biopsies collected from 56 subjects in the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA), a community-based cohort study of individuals aged 70 years and older.

Heterocyclic Merging of Stereochemically Diverse Chiral Piperazines and Morpholines with Indazoles.

We report a heterocyclic merging approach to construct novel indazolo-piperazines and indazolo-morpholines. Starting from chiral diamines and amino alcohols, novel regiochemically (1,3 and 1,4) and stereochemically diverse (relative and absolute) cohorts of indazolo-piperazines and indazolo-morpholines were obtained within six or seven steps. The key transformations involved are a Smiles rearrangement to generate the indazole core structure and a late-stage Michael addition to build the piperazine and morpholine heterocycles.

Niche differentiation of Mucoromycotinian and Glomeromycotinian arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi along a 2-million-year soil chronosequence.

Current literature suggests ecological niche differentiation between co-occurring Mucoromycotinian arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (M-AMF) and Glomeromycotinian AMF (G-AMF), but experimental evidence is limited. We investigated the influence of soil age, water availability (wet and dry), and plant species (native Microlaena stipoides and exotic Trifolium subterraneum) on anatomical root colonisation and DNA profiles of M-AMF and G-AMF under glasshouse conditions. We grew seedlings of each species in soils collected from the four stages of a soil chronosequence, where pH decreases from the youngest to oldest stages, and phosphorus (P) is low in the youngest and oldest, but high in the intermediate stages.

Protecting wastewater workers from disease risks: Personal protective equipment guidelines.

The 2013-2016 Ebola epidemic revived concerns about infection risks to wastewater workers. Prior research has shown that wastewater can contain a variety of known and emerging pathogens and that wastewater workers are at increased risk of infectious illnesses. However, guidelines on using personal protective equipment (PPE) to decrease these risks are lacking.

High Resiliency Linked to Short-Term Patient Reported Outcomes and Return to Duty Following Arthroscopic Knee Surgery.

Introduction: Resilience is a psychometric construct of a patient's ability to recover from adversity and has been used to predict outcomes but its use in orthopedics has been limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between resilience and outcomes.

Materials And Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of patient who underwent sports knee surgery at a single institution performed by 6 orthopedic surgeons from January 2017 to December 2017.

Closed Distal Dislocation of the Intermediate Cuneiform in a Complex Lisfranc Fracture-Dislocation: A Case Report.

Case: A 21-year-old, active duty male sustained an irreducible, complex Lisfranc fracture-dislocation with distal extrusion of his intermediate cuneiform. He was treated in a staged manner with external fixator placement, followed by an extended midfoot fusion with autograft bone. At 19 months, he could perform all activities of daily living independently with minimal pain using an Intrepid Dynamic Exoskeletal Orthosis.

Satisfaction and Health Within Four Sexual Identity Relationship Options.

Using a sample of 1,782 same-sex attracted (SSA) and lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) identified participants, this study examined similarities and differences among those who are (a) single and celibate (SC); (b) single and not celibate (SNC); (c) in a heterosexual, mixed-orientation relationship (MOR); and (d) in a same-sex relationship (SSR). To reduce bias and increase generalizability, an ideologically diverse research team was formed. Participants in SSRs reported higher levels of some amount of satisfaction with their status (95%) compared to those in MORs (80%), those who are SC (42%) and those who are SNC (40%).

Effects of Dapagliflozin on 24-Hour Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and measures of short-term glycemia do not fully capture daily patterns in plasma glucose dynamics. This study evaluated 24-h glycemic profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) initiated on dapagliflozin treatment using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).

Methods: This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter parallel-design 4-week study compared dapagliflozin (10 mg/d; n = 50) with placebo (n = 50) in adult patients with T2D uncontrolled (HbA1c 7.

Long-Term Safety of Dapagliflozin in Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Pooled Analysis of Phase IIb/III Studies.

Objective: To evaluate the 104-week safety of dapagliflozin in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: Pooled analysis assessing general safety (nine phase III studies ≤104 weeks) and cardiovascular safety (21 phase IIb/III studies ≤208 weeks) by age (<65; ≥65; ≥75 years). Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (±background glucose-lowering therapy) received: dapagliflozin 10 mg (n = 2026) vs.

Estimating Active Transportation Behaviors to Support Health Impact Assessment in the United States.

Health impact assessment (HIA) has been promoted as a means to encourage transportation and city planners to incorporate health considerations into their decision-making. Ideally, HIAs would include quantitative estimates of the population health effects of alternative planning scenarios, such as scenarios with and without infrastructure to support walking and cycling. However, the lack of baseline estimates of time spent walking or biking for transportation (together known as "active transportation"), which are critically related to health, often prevents planners from developing such quantitative estimates.

Osmotic diuresis with SGLT2 inhibition: analysis of events related to volume reduction in dapagliflozin clinical trials.

Objective: Dapagliflozin reduces hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and lowers blood pressure, at least in part, secondary to mild diuresis consequent to dapagliflozin-induced glucosuria. While blood-pressure lowering may contribute to cardiovascular risk reduction, dapagliflozin-induced diuresis may potentially contribute to adverse events (AEs) of volume reduction. The present analysis compared the frequency of AEs of volume reduction between dapagliflozin and placebo.

Effect of the SGLT2 Inhibitor Dapagliflozin on Potassium Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Pooled Analysis.

Introduction: Hyperkalemia risk is increased in diabetes, particularly in patients with renal impairment or those receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) or potassium-sparing diuretics. Conversely, other diuretics can increase hypokalemia risk. We assessed the effects of the sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor dapagliflozin on serum potassium levels in a pooled analysis of clinical trials in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Effects of dapagliflozin on blood pressure in hypertensive diabetic patients on renin-angiotensin system blockade.

Hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Dapagliflozin improves glycemic control and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in T2DM patients. This double-blind phase III study evaluated the effects of dapagliflozin on glycemic control and blood pressure in patients with inadequately controlled T2DM and hypertension, despite ongoing therapy with a renin-angiotensin system blocker.

Blood pressure and glycaemic effects of dapagliflozin versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes on combination antihypertensive therapy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study.

Background: Hypertension is a common comorbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a major risk factor for microvascular and macrovascular disease. Although the blood pressure-lowering effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are already established, guidance is needed on how to use these drugs in patients already receiving antihypertensive therapy. We aimed to compare blood pressure and glycaemic effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin with placebo in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension.

Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes after metformin failure: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Dapagliflozin, a highly selective sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, reduces hyperglycemia, body weight, and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled parallel-group 24-week study assessed the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of dapagliflozin added to metformin in Asian patients with inadequately controlled T2D (HbA1c 7.5%-10.

Health Impacts of Increased Physical Activity from Changes in Transportation Infrastructure: Quantitative Estimates for Three Communities.

Recently, two quantitative tools have emerged for predicting the health impacts of projects that change population physical activity: the Health Economic Assessment Tool (HEAT) and Dynamic Modeling for Health Impact Assessment (DYNAMO-HIA). HEAT has been used to support health impact assessments of transportation infrastructure projects, but DYNAMO-HIA has not been previously employed for this purpose nor have the two tools been compared. To demonstrate the use of DYNAMO-HIA for supporting health impact assessments of transportation infrastructure projects, we employed the model in three communities (urban, suburban, and rural) in North Carolina.

The Effects of Urban Form on Ambient Air Pollution and Public Health Risk: A Case Study in Raleigh, North Carolina.

Since motor vehicles are a major air pollution source, urban designs that decrease private automobile use could improve air quality and decrease air pollution health risks. Yet, the relationships among urban form, air quality, and health are complex and not fully understood. To explore these relationships, we model the effects of three alternative development scenarios on annual average fine particulate matter (PM2.

Dapagliflozin as monotherapy in drug-naive Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, blinded, prospective phase III study.

Objective: Dapagliflozin is a highly selective, orally active inhibitor of renal sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 that reduces hyperglycemia by increasing urinary glucose excretion. The goal of this study was to evaluate dapagliflozin as monotherapy in drug-naive Asian patients with type 2 diabetes whose disease was inadequately controlled with diet and exercise.

Methods: In this Phase III, multicenter, parallel-group, double-blind study, drug-naive patients with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels ≥7.

Dapagliflozin add-on to metformin in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 102-week trial.

Background: Management of type 2 diabetes with metformin often does not provide adequate glycemic control, thereby necessitating add-on treatment. In a 24-week clinical trial, dapagliflozin, an investigational sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, improved glycemic control in patients inadequately controlled with metformin. The present study is an extension that was undertaken to evaluate dapagliflozin as long-term therapy in this population.

Experiences of Marriage and Family Therapists Working with Intimate Partner Violence.

The purpose of our study was to explore the experiences of marriage and family therapists in working with violent couples. In particular, we focused on therapists' questions and feelings of competency pertaining to violence assessment and treatment, the difficulties they face during their practices, and the factors that affect their practice. Data for this study was collected via a focus group that lasted approximately an hour.

Genetic and molecular characterization reveals a unique nucleobase cation symporter 1 in Arabidopsis.

Locus At5g03555 encodes a nucleobase cation symporter 1 (AtNCS1) in the Arabidopsis genome. Arabidopsis insertion mutants, AtNcs1-1 and AtNcs1-3, were used for in planta toxic nucleobase analog growth studies and radio-labeled nucleobase uptake assays to characterize solute transport specificities. These results correlate with similar growth and uptake studies of AtNCS1 expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Effect of topical anesthesia and age on pain scores during retinopathy of prematurity screening.

Objective: The efficacy of topical anesthesia during retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening has been a controversial issue. To determine the efficacy of proparacaine eye drops (0.5%), we compared the Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) scores in 40 preterm infants undergoing ROP screening.