Safety and efficacy of aspirin, unfractionated heparin, both, or neither during endovascular stroke treatment (MR CLEAN-MED): an open-label, multicentre, randomised controlled trial.

Background: Aspirin and unfractionated heparin are often used during endovascular stroke treatment to improve reperfusion and outcomes. However, the effects and risks of anti-thrombotics for this indication are unknown. We therefore aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of intravenous aspirin, unfractionated heparin, both, or neither started during endovascular treatment in patients with ischaemic stroke.

[Endarterectomy more favourable than stenting in symptomatic significant carotid stenosis: higher risk of ischaemic stroke or death following stenting].

Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has proven its value in the treatment of patients with recent significant carotid artery stenosis. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with carotid artery stenting ('stenting' in short) is an alternative to CEA. The results of stenting and CEA in patients with symptomatic significant carotid artery stenosis were evaluated in 9 prospective randomized controlled trials and 11 meta-analyses.

Cerebral perfusion in relation to cognitive function and type 2 diabetes.

Aim/hypothesis: Underlying mechanisms for decreased cognitive functioning in patients with type 2 diabetes are unclear. In the general population, cerebral hypoperfusion is a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction and dementia. Reduced cerebral perfusion may account for cognitive impairments in diabetic patients relative to controls.

Peripheral and central neurologic complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus: no association in individual patients.

Diabetes mellitus is associated with end-organ complications in the peripheral and central nervous system. It is unknown if these complications share a common aetiology, and if they co-occur in the same patient. The aim of the present study was to relate different measures of peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) to cognition and brain MRI.

Metabolic and vascular determinants of impaired cognitive performance and abnormalities on brain magnetic resonance imaging in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: The determinants of cerebral complications of type 2 diabetes are unclear. The present study aimed to identify metabolic and vascular factors that are associated with impaired cognitive performance and abnormalities on brain MRI in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: The study included 122 patients and 56 controls.

A detailed profile of cognitive dysfunction and its relation to psychological distress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a common metabolic disorder. DM2 is associated with cognitive impairments, and with depressive symptoms, which occur in about one third of patients. In the current study we compared the cognitive profile and psychological well-being of 119 patients with DM2 (mean age: 66 +/- 6; mean duration: 9 +/- 6 years) with 55 age and education matched-control participants.

Cerebrovascular reserve capacity is preserved in a population-based sample of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background And Purpose: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is associated with an increased risk of stroke. DM2 is also associated with cognitive impairments. Vascular dysfunction, such as impaired cerebrovascular reserve capacity (CVR), may be a determinant of these changes, but previous studies on CVR in DM2 have provided variable results in selected populations of patients.

Brain magnetic resonance imaging correlates of impaired cognition in patients with type 2 diabetes.

The structural correlates of impaired cognition in type 2 diabetes are unclear. The present study compared cognition and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between type 2 diabetic patients and nondiabetic control subjects and assessed the relationship between cognition and MRI findings and blood pressure and metabolic control. The study included 113 patients and 51 control subjects.

Nerve conduction velocity and evoked potential latencies in streptozotocin-diabetic rats: effects of treatment with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is associated with deficits in cerebral function. Vascular disorders may play a role in the pathogenesis and provide a potential target for treatment. The present study examined if prevention and intervention treatment with the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril could improve peripheral and central neurophysiological deficits in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition partially prevents deficits in water maze performance, hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cerebral blood flow in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.

Vascular dysfunction is important in the pathogenesis of peripheral complications of diabetes. However, the effects of diabetes on cerebral blood flow and the role of vascular deficits in the pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy are still unknown. The present study examined whether experimental diabetes is associated with reduced cerebral blood flow and whether treatment with enalapril can improve cerebral perfusion and function (blood flow and functional cerebral deficits).

Three families with polyneuropathy associated with monoclonal gammopathy.

Objective: To report familial occurrence of polyneuropathy associated with monoclonal gammopathy.

Design: Case reports.

Patients: We describe 6 patients (3 pairs) with a polyneuropathy associated with IgM monoclonal gammopathy.

Mayo and NINDS scales for assessment of tendon reflexes: between observer agreement and implications for communication.

The purpose of this study was to assess the between observer reliability of two standard notation scales for grading tendon reflexes, The Mayo Clinic scale and the NINDS scale. In a university department of neurology two or three physicians judged the biceps, triceps, knee, and ankle tendon reflexes in two groups of 50 patients using either scale. The interobserver agreement was assessed by means of kappa statistics.