Nocturnal Vulval Pain in Girls-A Subset of Vulvodynia?

Objectives: The aims of the authors' case series were to outline the clinical features of prepubertal nocturnal vulval pain syndrome and to look at management and outcomes.

Methods: Clinical details of prepubertal girls experiencing episodes of nocturnal vulval pain with no identifiable cause were recorded and analyzed. Parents completed a questionnaire to look at outcomes.

Diabetic Nephropathy: An Overview.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most feared diabetic chronic microvascular complications and the major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The classical presentation of DN is characterized by hyperfiltration and albuminuria in the early phases which is then followed by a progressive renal function decline. The presentation of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) can vary especially in patients with T2DM where concomitant presence of other glomerular/tubular pathologies and severe peripheral vascular disease can become important confounders.

Diabetic nephropathy: Is there a role for oxidative stress?

Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy. Studies in experimental animal models of diabetes strongly implicate oxidant species as a major determinant in the pathophysiology of diabetic kidney disease. The translation, in the clinical setting, of these concepts have been quite disappointing, and new theories have challenged the concepts that oxidative stress per se plays a role in the pathophysiology of diabetic kidney disease.