Health behaviour profiles in young Australian adults in relation to physical and mental health: The Raine Study.

Issues Addressed: We aimed to identify latent health behaviour profiles of young adults and examine their associations with physical and mental health outcomes. We also characterised the profiles by socio-demographic characteristics.

Methods: Data were collected between 2012 and 2014.

Applying the 4Ps of social marketing to retain and engage participants in longitudinal cohort studies: generation 2 Raine study participant perspectives.

Background: Investigations of participant retention in longitudinal health and medical research, document  strategies that work best but overlook social marketing's capacity to influence participant retention. After applying the social marketing framework: the idea that determining what longitudinal participants 'buy' (product), at what cost (price), in what location (place) and through which communication channels (promotion),  this paper  aims to inform and enhance retention efforts.

Methods: This qualitative study was conducted through in-depth interviews with participants from the Raine Study that began in Western Australia in 1989.

Long-term impact of a Q-fever outbreak: An evaluation of health symptoms, health-related quality of life, participation and health care satisfaction after ten years.

Objective: To assess health symptoms, health-related quality of life, participation, and health care satisfaction in Q-fever patients up to 10 years after infection.

Methods: Cross-sectional questionnaire survey in the Netherlands. Data on health symptoms, fatigue (CIS), health-related quality of life (EQ-5D), social/work participation, health care providers and health care satisfaction were collected in patients with chronic Q-fever (CQ), Q-fever fatigue syndrome (QFS), and patients who experience QFS-like disease without a post-infection diagnosis (QLD).

Informing retention in longitudinal cohort studies through a social marketing lens: Raine Study Generation 2 participants' perspectives on benefits and barriers to participation.

Background: Longitudinal cohort studies have made significant contributions to medical discoveries and provide the impetus for health interventions which reduce the risk of disease. Establishing and maintaining these cohorts is challenging and costly. While some attrition is unavoidable, maintaining a sufficient number of participants ensures that results remain representative and free from bias.

Barriers and Facilitators for Screening Older Adults on Fall Risk in a Hospital Setting: Perspectives from Patients and Healthcare Professionals.

We aimed to gain insight into the barriers and facilitators to fall risk screening of older adults visiting the hospital as experienced by patients and healthcare professionals, and to examine the differences between chronic- and acute-care patients. We invited patients (≥ 70 years) attending the nephrology and emergency department to participate in the screening. Patients and their healthcare professionals were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire based on the "Barriers and Facilitators Assessment Instrument".

Cross-sectional associations between personality traits and device-based measures of step count and sedentary behaviour in older age: the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936.

Background: While the associations between personality traits and self-reported physical activity are well replicated, few studies have examined the associations between personality and device-based measures of both physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Low levels of physical activity and high levels of sedentary behaviour are known risk factors for poorer health outcomes in older age.

Methods: We used device-based measures of physical activity and sedentary behaviour recorded over 7 days in 271 79-year-old participants of the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936.

Western Australian pregnancy cohort (Raine) Study: Generation 1.

Purpose: The purpose of the Raine Study is to improve human health and well-being by studying the life-course of a cohort of Western Australians, based on a life-course conceptual framework that considers interactions between genetics, phenotypes, behaviours, the environment and developmental and social outcomes.

Participants: Between May 1989 and November 1991, 2900 pregnant women were enrolled in the Raine Study in Perth, Western Australia. In total, 2730 women gave birth to 2868 children (Generation 2) between August 1989 and April 1992.

Positive and negative well-being and objectively measured sedentary behaviour in older adults: evidence from three cohorts.

Background: Sedentary behaviour is related to poorer health independently of time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether wellbeing or symptoms of anxiety or depression predict sedentary behaviour in older adults.

Method: Participants were drawn from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (LBC1936) (n = 271), and the West of Scotland Twenty-07 1950s (n = 309) and 1930s (n = 118) cohorts.

Attitudes to ageing and objectively-measured sedentary and walking behaviour in older people: The Lothian Birth Cohort 1936.

Background: Prolonged sitting and low activity-both common in older people-are associated with increased mortality and poorer health. Whether having a more negative attitude to ageing is associated with higher levels of these behaviours is unclear.

Objective: We investigated the prospective relationship between attitudes to ageing and objectively measured sedentary and walking behaviour.

Cognitive ability does not predict objectively measured sedentary behavior: Evidence from three older cohorts.

Higher cognitive ability is associated with being more physically active. Much less is known about the associations between cognitive ability and sedentary behavior. Ours is the first study to examine whether historic and contemporaneous cognitive ability predicts objectively measured sedentary behavior in older age.

Reliability, minimal detectable change and responsiveness to change: Indicators to select the best method to measure sedentary behaviour in older adults in different study designs.

Introduction: Prolonged sedentary behaviour (SB) is associated with poor health. It is unclear which SB measure is most appropriate for interventions and population surveillance to measure and interpret change in behaviour in older adults. The aims of this study: to examine the relative and absolute reliability, Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) and responsiveness to change of subjective and objective methods of measuring SB in older adults and give recommendations of use for different study designs.

The epigenetic clock and objectively measured sedentary and walking behavior in older adults: the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936.

Background: Estimates of biological age derived from DNA-methylation patterns-known as the epigenetic clock-are associated with mortality, physical and cognitive function, and frailty, but little is known about their relationship with sedentary behavior or physical activity. We investigated the cross-sectional relationship between two such estimates of biological age and objectively measured sedentary and walking behavior in older people.

Methods: Participants were 248 members of the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936.

Why Older Adults Spend Time Sedentary and Break Their Sedentary Behavior: A Mixed-Methods Approach Using Life-Logging Equipment.

Older adults are recommended to reduce their sedentary time to promote healthy ageing. To develop effective interventions identifying when, why, and how older adults are able to change their sitting habits is important. The aim of this mixed-method study was to improve our understanding of reasons for (breaking) sedentary behavior in older adults.

The Influence of Neighbourhoods and the Social Environment on Sedentary Behaviour in Older Adults in Three Prospective Cohorts.

Sedentary behaviour is an emerging risk factor for poor health. This study aimed to identify ecological determinants of sedentary behaviour, for which evidence is currently scarce. The study participants were community dwelling adults from, respectively, the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (n = 271, mean age 79) and the 1930s (n = 119, mean age 83) and 1950s (n = 310, mean age 64) cohorts of the West of Scotland Twenty-07 study.

Effect of diagnosis with a chronic disease on physical activity behavior in middle-aged women.

Objective: Although regular physical activity is an effective secondary prevention strategy for patients with a chronic disease, it is unclear whether patients change their daily physical activity after being diagnosed. Therefore, the aims of this study were to (1) describe changes in levels of physical activity in middle-aged women before and after diagnosis with a chronic disease (heart disease, diabetes, asthma, breast cancer, arthritis, depression); and to (2) examine whether diagnosis with a chronic disease affects levels of physical activity in these women.

Methods: Data from 5 surveys (1998-2010) of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH) were used.

Reliability and validity of ten consumer activity trackers.

Background: Activity trackers can potentially stimulate users to increase their physical activity behavior. The aim of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of ten consumer activity trackers for measuring step count in both laboratory and free-living conditions.

Method: Healthy adult volunteers (n = 33) walked twice on a treadmill (4.

Combined Effects of Time Spent in Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviors and Sleep on Obesity and Cardio-Metabolic Health Markers: A Novel Compositional Data Analysis Approach.

The associations between time spent in sleep, sedentary behaviors (SB) and physical activity with health are usually studied without taking into account that time is finite during the day, so time spent in each of these behaviors are codependent. Therefore, little is known about the combined effect of time spent in sleep, SB and physical activity, that together constitute a composite whole, on obesity and cardio-metabolic health markers. Cross-sectional analysis of NHANES 2005-6 cycle on N = 1937 adults, was undertaken using a compositional analysis paradigm, which accounts for this intrinsic codependence.

Measuring steps with the Fitbit activity tracker: an inter-device reliability study.

Activity trackers like Fitbit are used for self-tracking of physical activity by an increasing number of individuals. Comparing physical activity scores with peers can contribute to the desired behavioural change. However, for meaningful social comparison a high inter-device reliability is paramount.

The role of diet and physical activity in post-transplant weight gain after renal transplantation.

Background: Long-term survival of renal transplant recipients (RTR) has not improved over the past 20 yr. The question rises to what extent lifestyle factors play a role in post-transplant weight gain and its associated risks after transplantation.

Methods: Twenty-six RTR were measured for body weight, body composition, blood lipids, renal function, dietary intake, and physical activity at six wk, and three, six, and 12 months after transplantation.

Are grown-ups with congenital heart disease willing to participate in an exercise program?

Objective: To examine the willingness of grown-ups with congenital heart disease (GUCH) to participate in the GUCH Training Program-Individualised (GTI), an exercise program specifically designed for GUCH, and to identify factors affecting their willingness to participate.

Design And Setting: In this cross-sectional study, all outpatient GUCH of the University Medical Center Groningen in The Netherlands, living within a 30-km radius of Groningen (n = 311), were asked to participate.

Patients: In total, 116 (37%) of the 311 GUCH who are invited to participate in our study returned completed questionnaires.

Promotion of physical activity and fitness in sedentary patients with Parkinson's disease: randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To evaluate whether a multifaceted behavioural change programme increases physical activities in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Design: Multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Setting: 32 community hospitals in the Netherlands, collaborating in a nationwide network (ParkinsonNet).

Daily physical activity in stable heart failure patients.

Background: Physical activity is the only nonpharmacological therapy that is proven to be effective in heart failure (HF) patients in reducing morbidity. To date, little is known about the levels of daily physical activity in HF patients and about related factors.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to (a) describe performance-based daily physical activity in HF patients, (b) compare it with physical activity guidelines, and (c) identify related factors of daily physical activity.