XLR-Net: Explainable AI-driven improved L-regularized deep neural architecture for NSCLC biomarker identification.

Background And Objective: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) exhibits intrinsic molecular heterogeneity, primarily driven by the mutation of specific biomarkers. Identification of these biomarkers would assist not only in distinguishing NSCLC into its major subtypes - Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma, but also in developing targeted therapy. Medical practitioners use one or more types of omic data to identify these biomarkers, copy number variation (CNV) being one such type.

Enlightening the path to NSCLC biomarkers: Utilizing the power of XAI-guided deep learning.

Background And Objective: The early diagnosis of Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is of prime importance to improve the patient's survivability and quality of life. Being a heterogeneous disease at the molecular and cellular level, the biomarkers responsible for the heterogeneity aid in distinguishing NSCLC into its prominent subtypes-adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Moreover, if identified, these biomarkers could pave the path to targeted therapy.

An explainable AI-driven biomarker discovery framework for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer classification.

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) exhibits intrinsic heterogeneity at the molecular level that aids in distinguishing between its two prominent subtypes - Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LUSC). This paper proposes a novel explainable AI (XAI)-based deep learning framework to discover a small set of NSCLC biomarkers. The proposed framework comprises three modules - an autoencoder to shrink the input feature space, a feed-forward neural network to classify NSCLC instances into LUAD and LUSC, and a biomarker discovery module that leverages the combined network comprising the autoencoder and the feed-forward neural network.

Six-year study on peripheral venous catheter-associated BSI rates in 262 ICUs in eight countries of South-East Asia: International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium findings.

Background: Short-term peripheral venous catheter-associated bloodstream infection rates have not been systematically studied in Asian countries, and data on peripheral venous catheter-associated bloodstream infections incidence by number of short-term peripheral venous catheter days are not available.

Methods: Prospective, surveillance study on peripheral venous catheter-associated bloodstream infections conducted from 1 September 2013 to 31 May 2019 in 262 intensive care units, members of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium, from 78 hospitals in 32 cities of 8 countries in the South-East Asia Region: China, India, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. For this research, we applied definition and criteria of the CDC NHSN, methodology of the INICC, and software named INICC Surveillance Online System.

Six-year multicenter study on short-term peripheral venous catheters-related bloodstream infection rates in 204 intensive care units of 57 hospitals in 19 cities of India: International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) findings.

Background: Short-term peripheral venous catheters-related bloodstream infections (PVCR-BSIs) rates have not been systematically studied in developing countries, and data on their incidence by number of device-days are not available.

Methods: Prospective, surveillance study on PVCR-BSI conducted from September 1, 2013 to May 31, 2019 in 204 intensive care units (ICUs), members of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC), from 57 hospitals in 19 cities of India. We applied US INICC definition criteria and reported methods using the INICC Surveillance Online System.

Prevalence of Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional, Clinicoepidemiological, Multicenter, Nationwide Study in India: The PREDICT Study.

Background: The study aimed at assessing the prevalence and clinical profile of minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) in patients with cirrhosis using neuropsychological assessment and at understanding the management practices of MHE in the Indian clinical setting.

Methods: This cross-sectional, clinicoepidemiological study conducted at 20 sites enrolled liver cirrhosis patients with Grade 0 hepatic encephalopathy according to West-Haven Criteria. Patients were subjected to mini-mental state examination and those with a score of ≥24 were assessed using psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score.

Identification of brain regions associated with working memory deficit in schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia, a severe psychological disorder, shows symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions. In addition, patients with schizophrenia often exhibit a deficit in working memory which adversely impacts the attentiveness and the behavioral characteristics of a person. Although several clinical efforts have already been made to study working memory deficit in schizophrenia, in this paper, we investigate the applicability of a machine learning approach for identification of the brain regions that get affected by schizophrenia leading to the dysfunction of the working memory.

Rehabilitation of Posterior Maxilla with Obturator Supported by Zygomatic Implants.

Prosthetic rehabilitation of atrophic maxilla and large maxillary defects can be done successfully by zygomatic implant-supported prosthesis. Zygomatic implants are an avant-garde to complex and invasive-free vascularised osteocutaneous flaps, distraction osteogenesis, and the solution to flap failures. A treated case of tuberculous osteomyelitis, with a class II (Aramany's classification) maxillary defect, reported to oral maxillofacial department, Government Dental College (RUHS-CODS).

Cardiotoxic Effects of Raw Opium.

While opioid drug toxicity and side effects of long-term opioid use during medical care are well studied, there is little information regarding effects of ingestion of raw opium. Characterization of the effects to a particular alkaloid is difficult since raw opium contains a number of alkaloids. Here, we present a case of poisoning due to ingestion of raw opium leading to severe myocardial suppression.

Disseminated Histoplasmosis with Oral Manifestation in an Immunocompetent Patient.

A case of disseminated histoplasmosis (DH) in a 60-year-old female patient is reported from Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. The patient presented with multiple papules on the skin surrounding the lips, face, torso, trunk, and back. She also complained of growth in the palate.

Transcatheter closure of ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm in a pregnant woman.

Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (SVA) is a rare cardiac anomaly that is usually congenital, but may be acquired. They are usually asymptomatic unless they compress adjacent structures, develop thrombosis, or rupture. A ruptured SVA (RSVA) can lead to rapid hemodynamic deterioration and often needs to be addressed emergently.

The radix entomolaris and radix paramolaris: an endodontic challenge.

Success of endodontic treatment depends on the proper identi-fication of all the canals, thorough chemomechanical preparation followed by three-dimensional obturation with hermetic seal. Failure of any of these steps may occur due to unusual tooth morphology. Usually mandibular molars have two roots with three canals but in few teeth, the number of roots and canals vary.

Management of the dental patient on anticoagulant medication: a review.

Patients taking anticoagulant medication pose a challenge for the clinician. Dentists are often required to manage bleeding as part of routine oral surgery or dental procedures, and altered hemostasis can lead to complications. Nevertheless, use of these medications is generally important for the patient's health and any alteration in the anticoagulant regimen may have untoward sequelae.

Pegylated interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin for treatment of chronic hepatitis C.

Aim: To study the safety and efficacy of pegylated interferon alfa-2b, indigenously developed in India, plus ribavirin in treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV).

Methods: One-hundred HCV patients were enrolled in an open-label, multicenter trial. Patients were treated with pegylated interferon alfa-2b 1.

Optical coherence tomography guided PCI - initial experience at Apollo Health City, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad.

Background: The capability of OCT to examine the structure of the arterial wall before or after PCI is superior to those of other imaging modalities. Therefore the application of OCT during PCI seems logical and has the potential to enhance our performance during the PCI procedures.

Methods: OCT was performed in fifty-two patients out of which, 45 patients underwent PCI.

Mandibular first molar with Vertucci type I canal confguration diagnosed with the help of cone beam computed tomography: a rare case report.

The knowledge of root canal morphology and the existing anatomical variations is essential for successful endodontic therapy. This report presents an extraordinary case of unusual tooth morphology involving the mandibular first molar with a single root and a single canal in a patient. Endodontic treatment of the affected tooth 36 was performed.

Fibreoptic bronchoscopy without sedation: Is transcricoid injection better than the "spray as you go" technique?

Aim: The aim of the study was to compare transcricoid injection with spray as you go technique for diagnostic fibreoptic bronchoscopy, to perform the procedure without sedation and to record any complication or side effects.

Methods: Sixty patients belonging to the age group 20-70 years, undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy over a period of 6 months, were randomly selected and divided into two groups alternatively to receive 3 ml of 4% lignocaine by a single transcricoid puncture (group I) or 2 ml of 4% lignocaine instilled through the bronchoscope on to the vocal cords and further 1 ml of 2% lignocaine into each main bronchus (group II). Additional dose of lignocaine as required was given in both the groups.

Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activities of some mixed ligand complexes of Co(II) with thiosemicarbazones and N-protected amino acids.

The reaction of cobalt(II) chloride with a new class of thiosemicarbazones viz; cis-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienthiosemicarbazone(CDOTSC; L(1)H) and 3,7-dimethyl-6-octenethiosemicarbazone (DOTSC; L(2)H) and N-phthaloyl derivative of DL-glycine(A(1)H), L-alanine(A(2)H) or L-valine(A(3)H) in 1:1:1 molar ratio in dry refluxing ethanol have been studied. All the isolated complexes have the general composition [Co(L)(A)]. Tentative structures are proposed for these complexes based upon elemental analysis, electrical conductances, magnetic moment, molecular weight determination and spectral (IR, electronic) studies.

Southwest Oncology Group phase II study of irinotecan in patients with advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium that progressed after platinum-based chemotherapy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to characterize the activity and toxicity of irinotecan in metastatic platinum-refractory urothelial carcinoma.

Patients And Methods: In a prospective multi-institutional phase II clinical trial, we evaluated the activity and safety of irinotecan 350 mg/m2 (300 mg/m2 in patients with previous radiation therapy to the pelvis) intravenously given every 21 days in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma and evidence of progression following one previous systemic chemotherapy regimen for metastatic disease that included cisplatin or carboplatin. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the probability of confirmed complete or partial response.

Anterior and Posterior Facial Nerve Rerouting: A Comparative Study.

The infratemporal fossa type A (IFT-A) and the modified transcochlear approach are used to remove glomus jugular tumors type C and petroclival tumors extending to the prepontine cistern, respectively. Anterior rerouting is a key step in IFT-A, whereas the modified transcochlear approach involves posterior rerouting. The aim of this study was to analyze facial nerve function after application of the two procedures.

Management of the internal carotid artery in tumors of the lateral skull base: preoperative permanent balloon occlusion without reconstruction.

Objective: To present our experience with permanent preoperative balloon occlusion of the internal carotid artery while dealing with different abnormalities of the lateral skull base and a comparison with the results mentioned in the literature.

Study Design: Retrospective case review.

Setting: Private neurotologic and skull base tertiary referral center.