Ursolic acid-loaded chitosan nanoparticles suppress 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced oral tumor formation through their antilipid peroxidative potential in golden Syrian hamsters.

Oral cancer, a disfiguring and life threatening cancer, significantly affects the day-to-day life of not only the patients but also their family members in terms of life quality and financial burden. India records higher incidence of oral cancer every year and is mainly due to the habituation of tobacco products and alcohol abuse. Delay in diagnosis and treatment influences India's higher incidence of oral cancer, where annually 50,000-60,000 oral carcinoma cases are reported.

Chemopreventive potential of esculetin in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis.

7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis is widely preferred to assess the tumor-inhibiting efficacy of the medicinal plants or their constituents. The present study explores the tumor-inhibiting potential of esculetin by utilizing the status of lipid peroxidation by products (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), antioxidants (vitamin E, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase), and phase I and phase II detoxification agents as biochemical end points and by using histopathological studies as well in DMBA-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. Oral tumors developed in the buccal pouch were subjected to histopathological studies, and were confirmed as oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Diosmin reduces cell viability of A431 skin cancer cells through apoptotic induction.

Objectives: Aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic potential of the diosmin in A431 skin cancer cells.

Materials And Methods: The cytotoxic (anti-cell proliferative) potential of diosmin in A431 cells was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay (cell viability), dual staining (apoptotic induction), dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate assay (reactive oxygen species [ROS] generation), DNA fragmentation study, Western blotting analysis (apoptotic markers expression) and flow cytometry (cell cycle arrest).

Results: Diosmin reduced the cell viability of A431 cells in a dose-dependent fashion and the inhibitory concentration 50% value was attained at 45 μg/ml using MTT assay.

EMODIN DOWNREGULATES CELL PROLIFERATION MARKERS DURING DMBA INDUCED ORAL CARCINOGENESIS IN GOLDEN SYRIAN HAMSTERS.

Background: Cell-cycle disruption is the major characteristic features of neoplastic transformation and the status of cell-cycle regulators can thus be utilized to assess the prognostic significance in patients with cancer. The PCNA, cyclin D1, CDK4, CDK6 and survivin expression in the buccal mucosa was utilized to evaluate the Emodin efficacy on abnormal cell proliferation during 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced oral carcinogenesis in golden Syrian hamsters.

Materials And Methods: Topical application of DMBA, three times a week for 14 weeks, on the hamsters' buccal pouches developed well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma.

Assessment of Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Status in Vanillic Acid Treated 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene Induced Hamster Buccal Pouch Carcinogenesis.

Introduction: Vanillic acid, a naturally occurring bioactive substance, possesses diverse pharmacological potential including free radical scavenging and anticancer properties. Excessive generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and insufficient antioxidant potential has been involved in numerous pathological disorders, including cancer.

Aim: To explore the anti-lipid peroxidative and antioxidant efficacy of vanillic acid in Dimethylbenz[a]Anthracene (DMBA) induced oral carcinogenesis.

EMODIN EFFICACY ON THE AKT, MAPK, ERK AND DNMT EXPRESSION PATTERN DURING DMBA-INDUCED ORAL CARCINOMA IN GOLDEN SYRIAN HAMSTERS.

Background: The present study has evaluated the Emodin efficacy on the Akt, MAPK, ERK and DNMT expression pattern during 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced oral carcinoma in golden Syrian hamsters, in order to explore its antitumor potential.

Materials And Methods: Oral tumors were developed in the buccal pouches of golden Syrian hamsters using the carcinogen, DMBA.

Results: While the incidence of tumor formation was 100% in hamsters treated with DMBA alone, the tumor formation was not noticed in DMBA+ Emodin treated hamsters.

Tumor Preventive Efficacy of Emodin in 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]Anthracene-Induced Oral Carcinogenesis: a Histopathological and Biochemical Approach.

The aim of the present study is to focus the chemopreventive potential of Emodin during 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. Tumors were developed in the buccal pouches of golden Syrian hamsters by painting with 0.5% DMBA thrice a week for 14 weeks.

The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and Huntington's Disease: A Mini Review.

Neurodegenerative diseases affect not only the life quality of aging populations, but also their life spans. All forms of neurodegenerative diseases have a massive impact on the elderly. The major threat of these brain diseases includes progressive loss of memory, Alzheimer's disease (AD), impairments in the movement, Parkinson's disease (PD), and the inability to walk, talk, and think, Huntington's disease (HD).

Modulating Effect of Enicostemma littorale on the Expression Pattern of Apoptotic, Cell Proliferative, Inflammatory and Angiogenic Markers During 7, 12-Dimethylbenz (a) Anthracene Induced Hamster Buccal Pouch Carcinogenesis.

Enicostemma littorale leaves are traditionally used for the treatment of several diseases, including inflammation and cancer. This study has taken effort to explore the antitumor initiating potential of E. littorale leaves (ElELet) by analyzing the expression pattern of apoptotic (p53, Bcl-2 and Bcl-2 associated X-protein), cell-proliferative (cyclin D1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen), angiogenic (vascular endothelial growth factor), invasive (matrix metalloproteinase-2 and 9), and inflammatory (NF-κB and cyclooxygenase-2) markers during 7, 12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA) induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis.

Anti-cell proliferative and anti-angiogenic potential of andrographolide during 7,12- dimethylbenz(a)anthracene induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis.

Our aim was to explore anti-cell proliferative and anti-angiogenic potential of andrographolide by analyzing the expression pattern of cell proliferative (PCNA, Cyclin D1) and angiogenic (VEGF) markers during 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. DMBA painting three times a week for 14 weeks in the buccal pouch of golden Syrian hamsters resulted in oral tumors which were histopathologically diagnosed as well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical (PCNA, VEGF) and RT-PCR (Cyclin D1) studies revealed over expression of PCNA, VEGF and Cyclin D1 in the buccal mucosa of hamsters treated with DMBA alone.

Saffron reduction of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis.

Our aim was to investigate the chemopreventive potential of saffron in DMBA-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. Assessment was by monitoring the percentage of tumor bearing hamsters, tumor size as well as the status of detoxification agents, lipid peroxidation and antioxidants. Oral squamous cell carcinomas were induced in the buccal pouch of Syrian golden hamsters by painting them with 0.

Chemopreventive potential of coumarin in 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a] anthracene induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the chemopreventive effect of coumarin against 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis by monitoring tumor incidence and histopathological changes as well as by analyzing the status of biochemical markers (lipid peroxidation, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, phase I and phase II detoxification enzymes). Oral squamous cell carcinomas were induced in the buccal pouch of Syrian golden hamsters by painting with 0.5% DMBA in liquid paraffin three times a week for 14 weeks.

Chemopreventive efficacy of naringenin-loaded nanoparticles in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene induced experimental oral carcinogenesis.

Nanochemoprevention has been introduced recently as a novel approach for improving phytochemicals bioavailability and anti-tumor effect. The present study is designed to evaluate the chemopreventive efficacy of prepared naringenin-loaded nanoparticles (NARNPs) relative to efficacy of free naringenin (NAR) against 7,12-dimethyl benz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced oral carcinogenesis by evaluating the status of lipid peroxidation, antioxidants and immunoexpression patterns of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and p53 proteins. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) investigations have confirmed a narrow size distribution of the prepared nanoparticles (40-90 nm) with ~88 % encapsulation efficiency.

Apigenin prevents deregulation in the expression pattern of cell-proliferative, apoptotic, inflammatory and angiogenic markers during 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis.

Objective: Malignant tumour arises due to abnormal cell proliferation, chronic inflammation, defect in apoptotic pathway and unwanted angiogenesis. The present study has investigated the modulating effect of apigenin on expression pattern of apoptotic (p53, Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3 and 9) cell proliferative (PCNA, Cyclin D1, c-fos), angiogenic (VEGF) and inflammatory (NFκB, COX-2) markers during 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis.

Materials And Methods: Oral squamous cell carcinoma was developed in the buccal pouches of golden Syrian hamsters by painting with 0.

Geraniol modulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and angiogenesis during 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis.

Oral carcinogenesis, a multistep process with multifaceted etiology, arises due to accumulation of heterogeneous genetic changes in the genes involved in the basic cellular functions including cell division, differentiation, and cell death. These genetic changes in the affected cell progressively increase the cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and inhibition of apoptosis. The present study investigated the modulating effect of geraniol on the expression pattern of cell proliferative (PCNA, cyclin D1, c-fos), inflammatory (NF-κB, COX-2), apoptotic (p53, Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3 and -9), and angiogenic (VEGF) markers in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis.

Protective effect of berberine on expression pattern of apoptotic, cell proliferative, inflammatory and angiogenic markers during 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis.

Investigation of expression pattern of molecular markers in oral epithelial tissues would help to assess the cell differentiation and proliferation as well as early diagnosis of precancerous and cancerous lesions of the oral cavity. Aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of berberine on expression pattern of apoptotic, cell proliferative, inflammatory and angiogenic markers during 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. Immunohistochemical staining [p53, Bcl-2, Bax, Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)], Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) [c-fos, COX-2, caspase-3 and -9] and Real-Time PCR [Cyclin D1 and NFkappaB] were utilized to assess the expression pattern of molecular markers in DMBA induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis.

Genistein and daidzein, in combination, protect cellular integrity during 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) induced mammary carcinogenesis in Sprague-Dawley rats.

The status of glycoconjugates (protein bound hexose, hexosamine, sialic acid and fucose) in plasma or serum serve as potential biomarkers for assessing tumor progression and therapeutic interventions. Aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of two major soy isoflavones, genistein and daidzein, in combination on the status of glycoconjugates in plasma, erythrocyte membrane and mammary tissues during 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) induced mammary carcinogenesis in female Sprague-Dawley rats. A single subcutaneous injection of DMBA (25 mg rat(-1)) in the mammary gland developed mammary carcinoma in female Sprague-Dawley rats.

Proapoptotic, anti-cell proliferative, anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic potential of carnosic acid during 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis.

The present study has investigated the modulating effect of carnosic acid on the expression pattern of cell proliferative (proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) cyclin D1 and a transcription factor c-fos), apoptotic (p53, Bcl-2, Bax caspase -3 and 9), inflammatory (Nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX- 2) and angiogenic (vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) markers during 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. Oral tumors were developed in the hamsters buccal pouches by painting with 0.5% DMBA in liquid paraffin three times a week for 14 weeks.

Antitumor initiating potential of rosmarinic acid in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis.

Oral cancer accounts for 40%-50% of all cancers in India. Tobacco and alcohol are the major etiological factors contributing to its pathogenesis. The aim of the present study was to explore the key mechanism behind the inhibitory effects of rosmarinic acid against 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced oral carcinogenesis by evaluating the status of biochemical markers (lipid peroxidation, antioxidants, and detoxification enzymes) and immunoexpression patterns of p53 and bcl-2 proteins.

Terminalia Arjuna (Roxb.) Modulates Circulatory Antioxidants on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene- induced Hamster Buccal Pouch Carcinogenesis.

Objectives: Oral cancer is the fifth most frequent cancer worldwide and India has recorded the highest incidence (40-50%) of oral malignancy. This study is designed to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of Terminalia arjuna bark (TaBet) on circulatory lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status during 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis.

Methods: Male Syrian golden hamsters painted with 0.

Chemopreventive potential of apigenin in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene induced experimental oral carcinogenesis.

Aim was to investigate the chemopreventive potential of apigenin by analyzing the tumor incidence as well as monitoring lipid peroxidation, antioxidants and phase I and phase II detoxification as biomarkers during DMBA induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. Oral tumors were developed in the buccal pouches of golden Syrian hamsters using topical application of 0.5% DMBA (DMBA) three times a week for 14weeks.

Berberine prevents 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis: a biochemical approach.

Chemoprevention, a novel and useful approach in experimental oncology, deals with the prevention, suppression, or inhibition of carcinogenesis using natural or synthetic entities. This study evaluated the chemopreventive potential of berberine on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. Oral squamous cell carcinoma was developed in the buccal pouch of golden Syrian hamsters by painting with 0.

Chemopreventive efficacy of geraniol against 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis.

The status of lipid peroxidation, antioxidants, and detoxification enzymes were used as biochemical end points to assess the chemopreventive potential of geraniol, a monoterpene, in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. Topical application of 0.5% DMBA in liquid paraffin, three times a week, for 14 weeks developed well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma in the buccal pouch of golden Syrian hamsters.

Chemopreventive and antioxidant efficacy of (6)-paradol in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis.

The present study evaluated the chemopreventive potential of (6)-paradol, a pungent phenolic constituent of ginger, on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. The mechanistic pathway for the chemopreventive potential of (6)-paradol was evaluated by measuring the status of tumor incidence, volume and burden as well as by analyzing the status of phase II detoxification agents, lipid peroxidation and antioxidants. Oral squamous cell carcinoma was induced in hamster buccal pouches by painting them with 0.