Pioneers of congenital heart surgery in India: historical perspective: Mumbai - The Gateway of Congenital Heart Surgery to India.

Congenital heart surgery was born in the USA and then spread all over the world in the second half of the twentieth century. The speciality was brought to India by foreign-trained Indian surgeons as well as American and Canadian missionary surgeons. The first generation Indian surgeons were trained in the USA, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.

The warden procedure through a posterolateral thoracotomy approach.

The Warden procedure for the correction of a right-sided partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the high superior vena cava is well established. It has the advantages of avoiding sinoatrial node dysfunction and pulmonary and systemic venous obstruction. In the case related here, a 3-year-old girl presented with a superior vena cava type of sinus venosus atrial septal defect and an anomalously draining right upper pulmonary vein, with bilateral superior venae cavae.

Hybrid intraoperative pulmonary artery stenting in redo congenital cardiac surgeries.

Objective: Reconstruction of branch pulmonary arteries (PAs) can be challenging in redo congenital heart surgeries. Treatment options like percutaneous stent implantation and surgical patch angioplasty may yield suboptimal results. We present our experience with hybrid intraoperative stenting which may be an effective alternative option.

Rigid nasal endoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of epistaxis.

Background And Objectives: Epistaxis is one of the common symptoms encountered in the Otorhinolaryngology department. Many times the cause for epistaxis is not found on anterior and posterior rhinoscopy. The present study was undertaken to assess the role of rigid nasal endoscope in the diagnosis and treatment of epistaxis, where normal anterior and posterior rhinoscopy did not reveal any specific finding.

Persistent left fifth aortic arch with pentalogy of Fallot.

Congenital double-lumen aortic arch resulting from persistence of the fifth aortic arterial arch (PFAA) is a rare congenital anomaly. It appears as a vascular structure running inferior and parallel to the "real" aortic arch from the innominate artery to the left subclavian artery. We report a case of persistent fifth aortic arch (systemic-to-systemic arterial connection) with pentalogy of Fallot in a patient who underwent successful intracardiac repair with a transannular patch with very proximal aortic cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

Convulsive syncope after bidirectional Glenn shunts: physiological implications for a neurological event.

Objectives: Neurological complications after cavopulmonary connections like bidirectional Glenn shunt and Fontan connection are occasionally encountered in the postoperative period. We discuss such a case of bilateral bidirectional Glenn shunt which developed convulsive syncope postoperatively.

Case: A 5-year-old cyanotic girl diagnosed as tricuspid atresia with pulmonary stenosis without any spell history underwent bilateral bidirectional Glenn shunt on the way to a subsequent Fontan.

Right ventricular mass: a histopathological surprise.

A 33-year-old woman in the postpartum period presented with a mass in the right ventricular outflow tract. She underwent excision of the mass under standard cardiopulmonary bypass. Histopathologic examination of the mass revealed a metastatic lesion from the thyroid, which was follicular carcinoma of the thyroid.

Supravalvar aortic stenosis: clinical and hemodynamic profile, and surgical outcome.

Background: Supravalvar aortic stenosis is the rarest of left ventricular outflow obstructions. Data on this rare entity from India are scarce.

Methods And Results: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 15 patients (13 males, mean age 15.