Adult Pilocytic Astrocytomas: A Brazilian Series.

Objective: Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is rare in adults comprising 5.1% of the primary central nervous system tumors. The aim is to describe the first Brazilian series of adult patients with PA and compare its features with the available literature.

Intravenous Grafts of Human Amniotic Fluid-Derived Stem Cells Reduce Behavioral Deficits in Experimental Ischemic Stroke.

Amniotic fluid has been investigated as new cell source for stem cells in the development of future cell-based transplantation. This study reports isolation of viable human amniotic fluid-derived stem cells, labeled with multimodal iron oxide nanoparticles, and its effect on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in Wistar rats. Middle cerebral artery occlusion of 60 min followed by reperfusion for 1 h, 6 h, and 24 h was employed in the present study to produce ischemia and reperfusion-induced cerebral injury in rats.

Necrosis is a consistent factor to recurrence of meningiomas: should it be a stand-alone grading criterion for grade II meningioma?

The purpose of this study was to evaluate spontaneous necrosis as a possible isolated factor for progression and recurrence in grade I meningiomas classified according to the current World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Meningiomas are the most frequently reported primary intracranial tumours, accounting for more than 35%. The 2016 WHO classification of central nervous system tumors stratifies meningiomas in grades I (benign), II (atypical), and III (malignant), according to histopathological aspects and the risk of progression or recurrence.

Unusual Intracerebral Presentation of a Myxoid Neurofibroma.

Background: Neurofibromas are benign nerve sheath tumors that usually affect peripheral nerves and are related to neurofibromatosis type 1; however, they have not been described as a cause of intraparenchymal brain tumor.

Case Description: We report a case of intracranial myxoid neurofibroma in a 19-year-old female patient manifested as an intense and progressive cephalea, followed by nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and phonophobia. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed an extant, expansive left frontoparietal parafalcine/parasagittal tumor.

Low-Grade Oligodendroglioma of the Pineal Region: Case Report.

Background Although germ cell tumors and pineal cell tumors account for most of the histologic tumor subtypes, > 17 different tumors can arise in this location. We report a rare case of a low-grade oligodendroglioma that arose in the pineal region. Clinical Presentation A young woman complaining of a headache underwent magnetic resonance imaging that showed a mass in the pineal region and mild hydrocephalus.

Multifocal intradural extramedullary ependymoma. Case report.

In this paper, the authors present the case of a patient with multifocal intradural extramedullary ependymoma, and they review 18 previously reported cases. A 32-year-old man presented to the authors' institution with a 1-month history of partial medullary syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging of the neuraxis revealed multifocal intradural extramedullary lesions at the bulbomedullary junction and C2-3, T5-11, L-2, L-4, L-5, and sacrum.

Endonasal transsphenoidal surgery and multimodality treatment for giant pituitary adenomas.

Objective: Giant pituitary adenomas (> or =40 mm) pose a major management challenge. We describe the experience of a single surgeon and a dedicated neuro-endocrine team with multimodality treatment of these tumours in three specialized institutions.

Design: Retrospective data set analyses.

[Giant intracranial aneurysm in three years old boy: case report].

Cerebral aneurysms are rare in the pediatric age group and differ from adults' aneurysms in size, localization and incidence. We report a 3-year-old boy with giant middle cerebral artery aneurysms who presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage. The patient was submitted to surgical treatment and the postoperative period was uneventful.

Aggressive intracranial fibromatosis: case report.

Unlabelled: Fibromatosis is a locally aggressive, proliferative fibroblastic lesion affecting musculoaponeurotic structures, most often in the limbs and trunk. Intracranial fibromatosis is extremely rare and requires aggressive treatment to prevent recurrence.

Case Description: We present the case of a 20 year old woman with aggressive skull base fibromatosis.

[Anterior and lateral foramen magnum meningiomas].

We report our experience with 11 cases of foramen magnum meningiomas, eight originating inside the posterior fossa and three in the caudal region. The mean age of the patients was 50.8 years and the main complaint was cervical headache for at least 18.

[Posterior longitudinal ligament ossification: case report].

Posterior longitudinal ligament ossification of cervical spine is a rare condition among caucasians. A 42 years old japanese patient with progressive walking difficulty was diagnosed with this pathology by CT scan and MRI and treated surgically by an anterior approach with arthrodesis. Pathophysiology, racial prevalence, clinical picture, radiological characteristics and surgical approaches options are revised.

Endoscopic approach to fourth ventricle cysticercosis.

Neurocysticercosis is the most frequently observed parasitosis of the central nervous system worldwide. The fourth ventricle is the most frequent site of intraventricular infestation, a location that carries a higher risk for CSF blockage and intracranial hypertension due to CSF blockage. A great number of patients become shunt dependent which carries a poorer prognosis.